Docker镜像以及仓库详解

Docker镜像就是一个Linux的文件系统（Root FileSystem），这个文件系统里面包含可以运行在Linux内核的程序以及相应的数据。

Linux Docker、Swarm、 Kubernetes分布式微服务部署云原生实战地址：https://www.itying.com/goods-1155.html（视频+课件+源码） Docker B站学习地址：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1LQ4y127qT?p=1

1、docker search 搜索镜像

docker search centos

[root@localhost /]# docker search --help

Usage:  docker search [OPTIONS] TERM

Search the Docker Hub for images

Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output

docker search mysql

备注：-f STARS=3000搜索STARS大于3000的镜像

[root@localhost /]# docker search mysql -f STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11171     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4242      [OK]

2、 docker pull下载镜像

docker pull centos

[root@localhost /]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
7a0437f04f83: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest

下载指定的tag：

docker pull centos:8.3.2011
[root@localhost /]# docker pull centos:8.3.2011
8.3.2011: Pulling from library/centos
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:8.3.2011
docker.io/library/centos:8.3.2011

3、docker images查看本地镜像

docker images
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   4 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB

4、docker tag给镜像打标签

给镜像打标签可以创建自己的镜像 镜像结构: registryname/repositoryname/imagename:tagname 例如：docker.io/library/centos:8.3.2011

基本语法：

[root@localhost /]# docker tag --help

Usage:  docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]

Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest     d1165f221234   4 months ago   13.3kB
centos        8.3.2011   300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
centos        latest     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB

给 IMAGE ID为 300e315adb2f的镜像打个标签

docker tag 300e315adb2f docker.io/itying/centos:v1.0.1

[root@localhost /]# docker tag 300e315adb2f docker.io/itying/centos:v1.0.1
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world     latest     d1165f221234   4 months ago   13.3kB
itying/centos   v1.0.1     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
centos          8.3.2011   300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
centos          latest     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB

给 IMAGE ID为 300e315adb2f的镜像重新打个latest标签

[root@localhost /]# docker tag 300e315adb2f docker.io/itying/centos:latest
[root@localhost /]# docker images

REPOSITORY      TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world     latest     d1165f221234   4 months ago   13.3kB
centos          8.3.2011   300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
centos          latest     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
itying/centos   latest     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
itying/centos   v1.0.1     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB

5、docker rmi删除镜像

查看本地镜像

[root@localhost /]# docker images | grep centos
itying/centos   latest     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
itying/centos   v1.0.1     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
centos          8.3.2011   300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
centos          latest     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB

[root@localhost /]# docker rmi docker.io/itying/centos:latest
Untagged: itying/centos:latest

这样删除只会删除对应的标签

[root@localhost /]# docker images | grep centos
itying/centos   v1.0.1     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
centos          8.3.2011   300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB
centos          latest     300e315adb2f   7 months ago   209MB

要删除imagesID为300e315adb2f的镜像需要通过id删除

[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 300e315adb2f 
Untagged: itying/centos:v1.0.1
Untagged: centos:8.3.2011

Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Deleted: sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55
Deleted: sha256:2653d992f4ef2bfd27f94db643815aa567240c37732cae1405ad1c1309ee9859
[root@localhost /]# docker images | grep centos

这样就会删除imagesID为300e315adb2f的centos镜像

6、把本地镜像推送到dockerHub仓库

一、需要在dockerHub上面注册一个账户：https://hub.docker.com/ 二、使用 docker login本地登录dockerHub

docker login

[root@localhost ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: itying
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

查看保存的账户信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat .docker/config.json 
{
	"auths": {
		"https://index.docker.io/v1/": {
			"auth": "aXR5aW5nOnpoYW5nxxG9uZzEyMzQ="
		}
			}
}