Flutter GraphQL查询插件gql的使用
Flutter GraphQL查询插件gql的使用
gql
是一个用于处理 GraphQL 文档的 Dart 包,特别适用于 Flutter 应用。它提供了解析、打印和操作 GraphQL AST(抽象语法树)的功能。下面将详细介绍如何在 Flutter 项目中使用 gql
插件进行 GraphQL 查询。
安装依赖
首先,在你的 pubspec.yaml
文件中添加 gql
相关的依赖:
dependencies:
gql: ^0.13.0
gql_http_link: ^0.4.0
然后运行 flutter pub get
来安装这些包。
解析 GraphQL 文档
package:gql/language.dart
提供了将 GraphQL 字符串解析为 AST 的功能,并可以将 AST 打印回字符串。
示例代码:解析 GraphQL 查询
import 'package:gql/language.dart' as lang;
import 'package:gql/ast.dart' as ast;
void main() {
final ast.DocumentNode doc = lang.parseString(
r"""
query UserInfo($id: ID!) {
user(id: $id) {
id
name
}
}
""",
);
print((doc.definitions.first as ast.OperationDefinitionNode).name.value); // prints "UserInfo"
}
打印 GraphQL AST 到字符串
你可以将解析后的 AST 再次转换为字符串以便调试或进一步处理。
示例代码:打印 AST
import 'package:gql/ast.dart' as ast;
import 'package:gql/language.dart' as lang;
void main() {
print(
lang.printNode(
const ast.SchemaDefinitionNode(
operationTypes: [
ast.OperationTypeDefinitionNode(
operation: ast.OperationType.query,
type: ast.NamedTypeNode(
name: ast.NameNode(value: "MyQuery"),
isNonNull: false,
),
)
],
),
),
);
// prints
// "schema {
// query: MyQuery
// }"
}
访问和转换 GraphQL AST 节点
package:gql/ast.dart
提供了访问和转换 AST 节点的能力。
示例代码:访问节点
import 'package:gql/ast.dart' as ast;
import 'package:gql/language.dart' as lang;
class TypeVisitor extends ast.RecursiveVisitor {
Iterable<ast.ObjectTypeDefinitionNode> types = [];
@override
visitObjectTypeDefinitionNode(ast.ObjectTypeDefinitionNode node) {
types = types.followedBy([node]);
super.visitObjectTypeDefinitionNode(node);
}
}
void main() {
final ast.DocumentNode doc = lang.parseString("""
type A { id: ID! }
type B { id: ID! }
type C { id: ID! }
type D { id: ID! }
type E { id: ID! }
""");
final TypeVisitor v = TypeVisitor();
doc.accept(v);
print(
v.types.map((t) => t.name.value).join("\n"),
);
// prints
// "A
// B
// C
// D
// E"
}
示例代码:转换节点
import 'package:gql/ast.dart' as ast;
import 'package:gql/language.dart' as lang;
class AddTypenames extends ast.TransformingVisitor {
@override
ast.FieldNode visitFieldNode(ast.FieldNode node) {
if (node.selectionSet == null) {
return node;
}
return ast.FieldNode(
name: node.name,
alias: node.alias,
arguments: node.arguments,
directives: node.directives,
selectionSet: ast.SelectionSetNode(
selections: <ast.SelectionNode>[
ast.FieldNode(
name: ast.NameNode(value: "__typename"),
),
...node.selectionSet.selections
],
),
);
}
}
void main() {
final ast.DocumentNode doc = lang.parseString(
r"""
query UserInfo($id: ID!, $articleId: ID!) {
user(id: $id) {
id
name
}
post(id: $articleId) {
id
title
description
}
}
""",
);
final ast.DocumentNode withTypenames = ast.transform(
doc,
[
AddTypenames(),
],
);
print(lang.printNode(withTypenames));
// prints
// "query UserInfo($id: ID!, $articleId: ID!) {
// user(id: $id) {
// __typename
// id
// name
// }
// post(id: $articleId) {
// __typename
// id
// title
// description
// }
// }"
}
实际应用:执行 GraphQL 查询
为了实际执行 GraphQL 查询,我们需要设置 HTTP 链接并发送请求。
示例代码:执行查询
import 'package:gql_http_link/gql_http_link.dart';
import 'package:gql_exec/gql_exec.dart';
import 'package:gql/language.dart' as lang;
void main() async {
final link = HttpLink('https://your-graphql-endpoint.com/graphql');
final query = lang.parseString(r'''
query UserInfo($id: ID!) {
user(id: $id) {
id
name
}
}
''');
final request = Request(
operation: Operation(document: query, variables: {'id': '1'}),
context: Context(),
);
final response = await link.request(request).first;
if (response.data != null) {
print(response.data);
} else {
print(response.errors);
}
}
通过上述步骤,你可以在 Flutter 应用中轻松集成和使用 gql
进行 GraphQL 查询。希望这个示例能帮助你快速上手!
更多关于Flutter GraphQL查询插件gql的使用的实战教程也可以访问 https://www.itying.com/category-92-b0.html
更多关于Flutter GraphQL查询插件gql的使用的实战系列教程也可以访问 https://www.itying.com/category-92-b0.html
当然,以下是一个关于如何在Flutter应用中使用gql
插件来进行GraphQL查询的示例代码。这个示例展示了如何配置客户端、执行查询并处理结果。
首先,确保你的pubspec.yaml
文件中已经添加了gql
和graphql_flutter
依赖:
dependencies:
flutter:
sdk: flutter
gql: ^0.13.0 # 请检查最新版本
graphql_flutter: ^5.0.0 # 请检查最新版本
然后运行flutter pub get
来安装这些依赖。
接下来,设置GraphQL客户端和查询。
1. 定义GraphQL查询
创建一个文件queries.dart
来定义你的GraphQL查询:
import 'package:gql/ast.dart';
final String query = r'''
query GetUser($id: ID!) {
user(id: $id) {
id
name
email
}
}
''';
final DocumentNode operationDocument = parseString(query);
class GetUserArguments extends JsonSerializable {
final String id;
GetUserArguments({required this.id});
factory GetUserArguments.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) =>
_$GetUserArgumentsFromJson(json);
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => _$GetUserArgumentsToJson(this);
}
class GetUserData {
final String? id;
final String? name;
final String? email;
GetUserData({this.id, this.name, this.email});
factory GetUserData.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
return GetUserData(
id: json['id'] as String?,
name: json['name'] as String?,
email: json['email'] as String?,
);
}
}
class GetUserResult extends JsonSerializable {
final GetUserData? user;
GetUserResult({this.user});
factory GetUserResult.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) =>
_$GetUserResultFromJson(json);
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => _$GetUserResultToJson(this);
}
2. 配置GraphQL客户端
创建一个文件client.dart
来配置你的GraphQL客户端:
import 'package:gql/gql.dart';
import 'package:graphql_flutter/graphql_flutter.dart';
import 'queries.dart';
ValueNotifier<GraphQLClient> initializeApolloClient() {
final HttpLink httpLink = HttpLink(
uri: 'https://your-graphql-endpoint.com/graphql', // 替换为你的GraphQL服务端点
);
final ValueNotifier<GraphQLClient> client = ValueNotifier(
GraphQLClient(
cache: InMemoryCache(),
link: httpLink,
),
);
return client;
}
3. 使用GraphQL客户端进行查询
在你的Flutter组件中使用上述配置和查询:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:graphql_flutter/graphql_flutter.dart';
import 'client.dart';
import 'queries.dart';
void main() {
final ValueNotifier<GraphQLClient> client = initializeApolloClient();
runApp(MyApp(client: client));
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
final ValueNotifier<GraphQLClient> client;
MyApp({required this.client});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MultiProvider(
providers: [
ValueListenableProvider.value(value: client),
],
child: MaterialApp(
home: MyHomePage(),
),
);
}
}
class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
final _controller = TextEditingController();
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final client = context.watch<GraphQLClient>();
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('GraphQL Flutter Example'),
),
body: Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
child: Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
children: [
TextField(
controller: _controller,
decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'User ID'),
),
SizedBox(height: 16),
ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () async {
final GetUserArguments args = GetUserArguments(id: _controller.text);
final OperationResult<GetUserResult, GetUserArguments> result =
await client.query(
QueryOptions(
document: operationDocument,
variables: args.toJson(),
),
);
if (result.hasException) {
print(result.exception?.toString() ?? 'No exception message');
} else if (result.data?.user != null) {
print('User ID: ${result.data!.user!.id}');
print('User Name: ${result.data!.user!.name}');
print('User Email: ${result.data!.user!.email}');
}
},
child: Text('Fetch User'),
),
],
),
),
);
}
}
在这个示例中,我们创建了一个简单的Flutter应用,它允许用户输入一个用户ID,并通过GraphQL查询获取该用户的信息。查询结果会在控制台中打印出来。
确保将https://your-graphql-endpoint.com/graphql
替换为你的实际GraphQL服务端点。这个示例展示了如何使用gql
插件来配置客户端、定义查询并在Flutter应用中执行查询。