Flutter本地通知插件flutter_local_notifications的使用

flutter_local_notifications 是一个强大的 Flutter 插件，用于在应用程序中实现本地通知。本文将展示如何使用该插件来发送本地通知。

环境配置

首先，确保你的项目已经添加了 flutter_local_notifications 依赖项。你可以在 pubspec.yaml 文件中添加以下依赖：

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  flutter_local_notifications: ^9.0.0 # 请根据最新版本进行更新

然后运行 flutter pub get 来安装依赖。

初始化

在使用插件之前，你需要初始化 flutter_local_notifications。在 main.dart 文件中添加以下代码：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_local_notifications/flutter_local_notifications.dart';

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();

  // 创建一个 FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin 实例
  final FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin = FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin();

  // 配置初始化参数
  const AndroidInitializationSettings initializationSettingsAndroid =
      AndroidInitializationSettings('@mipmap/ic_launcher');
  
  // 对于 iOS 和 macOS，可以添加类似的初始化设置
  const DarwinInitializationSettings initializationSettingsDarwin = DarwinInitializationSettings();
  
  const InitializationSettings initializationSettings = InitializationSettings(
    android: initializationSettingsAndroid,
    iOS: initializationSettingsDarwin,
  );
  
  await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.initialize(initializationSettings);

  runApp(MyApp(flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin: flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin));
}

发送本地通知

接下来，我们将展示如何发送一条本地通知。在 MyApp 类中添加以下方法：

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  final FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin;

  MyApp({required this.flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin});

  void showNotification() async {
    // 构建一个 Android 通道 ID
    const AndroidNotificationDetails androidPlatformChannelSpecifics =
        AndroidNotificationDetails(
            'your channel id', 'your channel name', 'your channel description',
            importance: Importance.max,
            priority: Priority.high,
            showWhen: false);
    
    // 构建一个通用的通知详情对象
    const NotificationDetails platformChannelSpecifics =
        NotificationDetails(android: androidPlatformChannelSpecifics);

    // 显示通知
    await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.show(
        0, '普通通知标题', '这是通知内容', platformChannelSpecifics,
        payload: 'item x');
  }

  [@override](/user/override)
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(title: Text('本地通知示例')),
        body: Center(
          child: ElevatedButton(
            onPressed: showNotification,
            child: Text('发送通知'),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

在这个例子中，我们创建了一个按钮，当点击按钮时会调用 showNotification() 方法来发送一条本地通知。

完整示例代码

下面是完整的 main.dart 文件代码：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_local_notifications/flutter_local_notifications.dart';

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();

  // 创建一个 FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin 实例
  final FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin = FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin();

  // 配置初始化参数
  const AndroidInitializationSettings initializationSettingsAndroid =
      AndroidInitializationSettings('@mipmap/ic_launcher');
  
  // 对于 iOS 和 macOS，可以添加类似的初始化设置
  const DarwinInitializationSettings initializationSettingsDarwin = DarwinInitializationSettings();
  
  const InitializationSettings initializationSettings = InitializationSettings(
    android: initializationSettingsAndroid,
    iOS: initializationSettingsDarwin,
  );
  
  await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.initialize(initializationSettings);

  runApp(MyApp(flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin: flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin));
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  final FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin;

  MyApp({required this.flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin});

  void showNotification() async {
    // 构建一个 Android 通道 ID
    const AndroidNotificationDetails androidPlatformChannelSpecifics =
        AndroidNotificationDetails(
            'your channel id', 'your channel name', 'your channel description',
            importance: Importance.max,
            priority: Priority.high,
            showWhen: false);
    
    // 构建一个通用的通知详情对象
    const NotificationDetails platformChannelSpecifics =
        NotificationDetails(android: androidPlatformChannelSpecifics);

    // 显示通知
    await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.show(
        0, '普通通知标题', '这是通知内容', platformChannelSpecifics,
        payload: 'item x');
  }

  [@override](/user/override)
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(title: Text('本地通知示例')),
        body: Center(
          child: ElevatedButton(
            onPressed: showNotification,
            child: Text('发送通知'),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}