Golang 基于 Drone 的持续集成实践

Drone 是一个基于 Docker 的轻量级持续集成平台，完全用 Go 语言编写。它使用简单的 YAML 配置文件来定义构建流程，非常适合 Golang 项目的持续集成。

Drone 核心概念

1. Pipeline - 构建流程定义
2. Step - 构建步骤
3. Plugin - 可复用的构建插件
4. Secret - 安全存储的敏感信息

基本使用

1. 安装 Drone

可以使用 Docker Compose 快速启动 Drone：

version: '3'

services:
  drone-server:
    image: drone/drone:2
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./data:/data
    environment:
      - DRONE_GITHUB_CLIENT_ID=your-client-id
      - DRONE_GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET=your-client-secret
      - DRONE_RPC_SECRET=your-rpc-secret
      - DRONE_SERVER_HOST=your-host.com
      - DRONE_SERVER_PROTO=https

  drone-agent:
    image: drone/agent:2
    depends_on:
      - drone-server
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
    environment:
      - DRONE_RPC_SERVER=drone-server
      - DRONE_RPC_SECRET=your-rpc-secret
      - DRONE_RUNNER_CAPACITY=2

2. 基础 .drone.yml 配置

kind: pipeline
type: docker
name: default

steps:
  - name: test
    image: golang:1.20
    commands:
      - go test -v ./...
  
  - name: build
    image: golang:1.20
    commands:
      - go build -o myapp
    when:
      branch:
        - main
        - master

3. Golang 项目最佳实践配置

kind: pipeline
type: docker
name: golang

steps:
  - name: test
    image: golang:1.20
    environment:
      GO111MODULE: on
    commands:
      - go mod download
      - go test -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic ./...
  
  - name: build
    image: golang:1.20
    environment:
      CGO_ENABLED: 0
      GOOS: linux
    commands:
      - go build -ldflags "-s -w" -o app
    when:
      event:
        - push
        - tag
  
  - name: docker
    image: plugins/docker
    settings:
      repo: your-repo/app
      tags: ${DRONE_TAG=latest}
      username:
        from_secret: docker_username
      password:
        from_secret: docker_password
    when:
      event:
        - tag

常用插件

1. Docker 构建插件

- name: docker
  image: plugins/docker
  settings:
    repo: your-repo/app
    tags: latest
    dockerfile: Dockerfile
    username:
      from_secret: docker_username
    password:
      from_secret: docker_password

2. GitHub Release 插件

- name: release
  image: plugins/github-release
  settings:
    api_key:
      from_secret: github_token
    files: app
    title: ${DRONE_TAG}
    note: Release ${DRONE_TAG}
  when:
    event: tag

3. Slack 通知插件

- name: notify
  image: plugins/slack
  settings:
    webhook:
      from_secret: slack_webhook
    template: >
      Build {{build.status}} for {{repo.name}}:{{build.branch}}
      <{{build.link}}|#{{build.number}}>

多阶段构建示例

kind: pipeline
type: docker
name: multi-stage

steps:
  - name: test
    image: golang:1.20
    commands:
      - go test ./...

  - name: build
    image: golang:1.20
    commands:
      - CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -a -installsuffix cgo -o app .

  - name: docker
    image: plugins/docker
    settings:
      repo: your-repo/app
      tags: latest
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
      username:
        from_secret: docker_username
      password:
        from_secret: docker_password
    when:
      branch: main

  - name: deploy
    image: plugins/ssh
    settings:
      host: your-server.com
      username: deploy
      password:
        from_secret: ssh_password
      script:
        - docker pull your-repo/app:latest
        - docker stop app || true
        - docker rm app || true
        - docker run -d --name app -p 8080:8080 your-repo/app:latest
    when:
      branch: main

高级功能

1. 矩阵构建

kind: pipeline
type: docker
name: matrix

matrix:
  go:
    - 1.18
    - 1.19
    - 1.20

steps:
  - name: test
    image: golang:${GO}
    commands:
      - go test ./...

2. 条件执行

steps:
  - name: deploy-staging
    image: plugins/ssh
    settings:
      host: staging.example.com
      script: ./deploy.sh
    when:
      branch: develop

  - name: deploy-production
    image: plugins/ssh
    settings:
      host: production.example.com
      script: ./deploy.sh
    when:
      branch: main
      event: push

3. 缓存依赖

steps:
  - name: cache
    image: meltwater/drone-cache
    settings:
      restore: true
      mount:
        - ./go/pkg/mod
    when:
      event: push

  - name: test
    image: golang:1.20
    commands:
      - go test ./...

  - name: rebuild-cache
    image: meltwater/drone-cache
    settings:
      rebuild: true
      mount:
        - ./go/pkg/mod
    when:
      event: push

总结

Drone 提供了简单而强大的持续集成能力，特别适合 Golang 项目。通过合理的配置，可以实现：

1. 自动化测试
2. 多环境构建
3. Docker 镜像构建和发布
4. 自动化部署
5. 通知和报告

Drone 的插件生态系统丰富，可以轻松扩展功能。其基于容器的架构确保了构建环境的隔离性和一致性。