golang地理编码与反向地理编码API集成插件库geo-golang的使用

Golang地理编码与反向地理编码API集成插件库geo-golang的使用

geo-golang是一个Go语言开发的地理编码服务库，提供了优雅且符合Go语言习惯的API，支持多种地理编码服务提供商。

功能特性

  • 支持多种地理编码服务提供商
  • 只需修改一行代码即可切换不同服务
  • 可以同时使用多个服务的免费配额
  • 每个服务提供商的客户端实现仅需约50行代码

支持的提供商

  • Google Maps
  • MapQuest (Nominatim Search/Open Geocoding)
  • OpenCage
  • HERE (Geocoder API/Geocoding and Search API)
  • Bing
  • Mapbox
  • OpenStreetMap
  • PickPoint
  • LocationIQ
  • ArcGIS
  • geocodio
  • Mapzen
  • TomTom
  • Yandex.Maps
  • French API Gouv
  • Baidu Map

使用示例

下面是一个完整的示例代码，展示如何使用geo-golang进行地理编码和反向地理编码：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"

	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/arcgis"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/baidu"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/bing"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/chained"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/frenchapigouv"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/geocod"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/google"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/here"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/locationiq"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/mapbox"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/mapquest/nominatim"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/mapquest/open"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/mapzen"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/opencage"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/openstreetmap"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/pickpoint"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/tomtom"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang/yandex"
)

const (
	addr         = "Melbourne VIC"
	lat, lng     = -37.813611, 144.963056
	radius       = 50
	zoom         = 18
	addrFR       = "Champs de Mars Paris"
	latFR, lngFR = 48.854395, 2.304770
)

func main() {
	ExampleGeocoder()
}

// ExampleGeocoder演示了不同的地理编码服务
func ExampleGeocoder() {
	fmt.Println("Google Geocoding API")
	try(google.Geocoder(os.Getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("Mapquest Nominatim")
	try(nominatim.Geocoder(os.Getenv("MAPQUEST_NOMINATIM_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("Mapquest Open streetmaps")
	try(open.Geocoder(os.Getenv("MAPQUEST_OPEN_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("OpenCage Data")
	try(opencage.Geocoder(os.Getenv("OPENCAGE_API_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("HERE API")
	try(here.Geocoder(os.Getenv("HERE_APP_ID"), os.Getenv("HERE_APP_CODE"), radius))

	fmt.Println("Bing Geocoding API")
	try(bing.Geocoder(os.Getenv("BING_API_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("Baidu Geocoding API")
	try(baidu.Geocoder(os.Getenv("BAIDU_API_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("Mapbox API")
	try(mapbox.Geocoder(os.Getenv("MAPBOX_API_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("OpenStreetMap")
	try(openstreetmap.Geocoder())

	fmt.Println("PickPoint")
	try(pickpoint.Geocoder(os.Getenv("PICKPOINT_API_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("LocationIQ")
	try(locationiq.Geocoder(os.Getenv("LOCATIONIQ_API_KEY"), zoom))

	fmt.Println("ArcGIS")
	try(arcgis.Geocoder(os.Getenv("ARCGIS_TOKEN")))

	fmt.Println("geocod.io")
	try(geocod.Geocoder(os.Getenv("GEOCOD_API_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("Mapzen")
	try(mapzen.Geocoder(os.Getenv("MAPZEN_API_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("TomTom")
	try(tomtom.Geocoder(os.Getenv("TOMTOM_API_KEY")))

	fmt.Println("Yandex")
	try(yandex.Geocoder(os.Getenv("YANDEX_API_KEY")))

	// 仅适用于法国位置或地址
	fmt.Println("FrenchAPIGouv")
	tryOnlyFRData(frenchapigouv.Geocoder())

	// 链式地理编码器会回退到后续的地理编码器
	fmt.Println("ChainedAPI[OpenStreetmap -> Google]")
	try(chained.Geocoder(
		openstreetmap.Geocoder(),
		google.Geocoder(os.Getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY")),
	))
}

func try(geocoder geo.Geocoder) {
	// 地理编码：地址转坐标
	location, _ := geocoder.Geocode(addr)
	if location != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%s location is (%.6f, %.6f)\n", addr, location.Lat, location.Lng)
	} else {
		fmt.Println("got <nil> location")
	}
	
	// 反向地理编码：坐标转地址
	address, _ := geocoder.ReverseGeocode(lat, lng)
	if address != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Address of (%.6f,%.6f) is %s\n", lat, lng, address.FormattedAddress)
		fmt.Printf("Detailed address: %#v\n", address)
	} else {
		fmt.Println("got <nil> address")
	}
	fmt.Print("\n")
}

func tryOnlyFRData(geocoder geo.Geocoder) {
	location, _ := geocoder.Geocode(addrFR)
	if location != nil {
		fmt.Printf("%s location is (%.6f, %.6f)\n", addrFR, location.Lat, location.Lng)
	} else {
		fmt.Println("got <nil> location")
	}
	address, _ := geocoder.ReverseGeocode(latFR, lngFR)
	if address != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Address of (%.6f,%.6f) is %s\n", latFR, lngFR, address.FormattedAddress)
		fmt.Printf("Detailed address: %#v\n", address)
	} else {
		fmt.Println("got <nil> address")
	}
	fmt.Print("\n")
}

示例输出

Google Geocoding API
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.813611, 144.963056)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is 197 Elizabeth St, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"197 Elizabeth St, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia", Street:"Elizabeth Street", HouseNumber:"197", Suburb:"", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"Melbourne City", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AU", City:"Melbourne"}

Mapquest Nominatim
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.814218, 144.963161)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Melbourne, City of Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Melbourne, City of Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia", Street:"Postal Lane", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"Melbourne", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"City of Melbourne", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AU", City:"Melbourne"}

Mapquest Open streetmaps
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.814218, 144.963161)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Elizabeth Street, 3000, Melbourne, Victoria, AU
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Elizabeth Street, 3000, Melbourne, Victoria, AU", Street:"Elizabeth Street", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"", CountryCode:"AU", City:"Melbourne"}

OpenCage Data
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.814217, 144.963161)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia", Street:"Postal Lane", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"Melbourne (3000)", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"City of Melbourne", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AU", City:"Melbourne"}

HERE API
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.817530, 144.967150)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is 197 Elizabeth St, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"197 Elizabeth St, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia", Street:"Elizabeth St", HouseNumber:"197", Suburb:"", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AUS", City:"Melbourne"}

Bing Geocoding API
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.824299, 144.977997)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Elizabeth St, Melbourne, VIC 3000
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Elizabeth St, Melbourne, VIC 3000", Street:"Elizabeth St", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"", Postcode:"3000", State:"", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"", City:"Melbourne"}

Baidu Geocoding API
Melbourne VIC location is (31.227015, 121.456967)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is 341 Little Bourke Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"341 Little Bourke Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", Street:"Little Bourke Street", HouseNumber:"341", Suburb:"", Postcode:"", State:"Victoria", StateCode:"", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AUS", City:"Melbourne"}

Mapbox API
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.814200, 144.963200)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Elwood Park Playground, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Elwood Park Playground, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia", Street:"Elwood Park Playground", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AU", City:"Melbourne"}

OpenStreetMap
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.814217, 144.963161)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Chinatown, Melbourne, City of Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Chinatown, Melbourne, City of Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia", Street:"Postal Lane", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"Melbourne", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AU", City:"Melbourne"}

PickPoint
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.814217, 144.963161)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Chinatown, Melbourne, City of Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Chinatown, Melbourne, City of Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia", Street:"Postal Lane", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"Melbourne", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AU", City:"Melbourne"}

LocationIQ
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.814217, 144.963161)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Chinatown, Melbourne, City of Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Chinatown, Melbourne, City of Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia", Street:"Postal Lane", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"Melbourne", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AU", City:"Melbourne"}

ArcGIS
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.817530, 144.967150)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Melbourne's Gpo
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Melbourne's Gpo", Street:"350 Bourke Street Mall", HouseNumber:"350", Suburb:"", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"", CountryCode:"AUS", City:""}

geocod.io
Melbourne VIC location is (28.079357, -80.623618)
got <nil> address

Mapzen
Melbourne VIC location is (45.551136, 11.533929)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Stop 3: Bourke Street Mall, Bourke Street, Melbourne, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Stop 3: Bourke Street Mall, Bourke Street, Melbourne, Australia", Street:"", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"", Postcode:"", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AUS", City:""}

TomTom
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.815340, 144.963230)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Doyles Road, Elaine, West Central Victoria, Victoria, 3334
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Doyles Road, Elaine, West Central Victoria, Victoria, 3334", Street:"Doyles Road", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"", Postcode:"3334", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AU", City:"Elaine"}

Yandex
Melbourne VIC location is (41.926823, 2.254232)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Victoria, City of Melbourne, Elizabeth Street
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Victoria, City of Melbourne, Elizabeth Street", Street:"Elizabeth Street", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"", Postcode:"", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AU", City:"City of Melbourne"}

FrenchAPIGouv
Champs de Mars Paris location is (2.304770, 48.854395)
Address of (48.854395,2.304770) is 9001, Parc du Champs de Mars, 75007, Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"9001, Parc du Champs de Mars, 75007, Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France", Street:"Parc du Champs de Mars", HouseNumber:"9001", Suburb:"", Postcode:"75007", State:" Île-de-France", StateDistrict:"", County:" Paris", Country:"France", CountryCode:"FRA", City:"Paris"}

ChainedAPI[OpenStreetmap -> Google]
Melbourne VIC location is (-37.814217, 144.963161)
Address of (-37.813611,144.963056) is Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Chinatown, Melbourne, City of Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
Detailed address: &geo.Address{FormattedAddress:"Melbourne's GPO, Postal Lane, Chinatown, Melbourne, City of Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia", Street:"Postal Lane", HouseNumber:"", Suburb:"Melbourne", Postcode:"3000", State:"Victoria", StateDistrict:"", County:"", Country:"Australia", CountryCode:"AU", City:"Melbourne"}

许可证

geo-golang根据MIT许可证分发。


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1 回复

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geo-golang地理编码与反向地理编码库使用指南

geo-golang是一个优秀的Go语言地理编码(Geocoding)和反向地理编码(Reverse Geocoding)库，支持多种地理编码服务提供商。下面我将详细介绍它的使用方法。

安装

go get github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang

支持的提供商

geo-golang支持以下地理编码服务：

  • Google Maps
  • OpenStreetMap/Nominatim
  • Mapbox
  • HERE Maps
  • Bing Maps
  • MapQuest
  • OpenCage
  • TomTom
  • Geocodio
  • ArcGIS
  • Pelias

基本用法

1. 地理编码(地址转坐标)

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/codingsince1985/geo-golang"
)

func main() {
	// 使用OpenStreetMap/Nominatim服务
	geocoder := geo.GeocoderNominatim()
	
	// 地理编码 - 地址转坐标
	location, err := geocoder.Geocode("1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Geocoding error:", err)
		return
	}
	
	fmt.Printf("Latitude: %f, Longitude: %f\n", location.Lat, location.Lng)
}

2. 反向地理编码(坐标转地址)

func reverseGeocoding() {
	// 使用Google Maps服务(需要API key)
	// geocoder := geo.GeocoderGoogle("YOUR_GOOGLE_API_KEY")
	
	// 使用免费的OpenStreetMap服务
	geocoder := geo.GeocoderNominatim()
	
	// 反向地理编码 - 坐标转地址
	address, err := geocoder.ReverseGeocode(37.4224764, -122.0842499)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Reverse geocoding error:", err)
		return
	}
	
	fmt.Println("Full address:", address.FormattedAddress)
	fmt.Println("Street:", address.Street)
	fmt.Println("House Number:", address.HouseNumber)
	fmt.Println("Postcode:", address.Postcode)
	fmt.Println("City:", address.City)
	fmt.Println("State:", address.State)
	fmt.Println("Country:", address.Country)
	fmt.Println("Country Code:", address.CountryCode)
}

高级用法

1. 使用不同提供商

func differentProviders() {
	// Google Maps
	googleGeocoder := geo.GeocoderGoogle("YOUR_GOOGLE_API_KEY")
	
	// Mapbox
	mapboxGeocoder := geo.GeocoderMapbox("YOUR_MAPBOX_ACCESS_TOKEN")
	
	// HERE Maps
	hereGeocoder := geo.GeocoderHERE("YOUR_HERE_APP_ID", "YOUR_HERE_APP_CODE")
	
	// 使用示例
	location, _ := googleGeocoder.Geocode("Statue of Liberty")
	fmt.Println("Google:", location)
	
	location, _ = mapboxGeocoder.Geocode("Eiffel Tower")
	fmt.Println("Mapbox:", location)
}

2. 设置超时和用户代理

func withOptions() {
	// 创建自定义HTTP客户端
	client := &http.Client{
		Timeout: time.Second * 10,
	}
	
	// 设置用户代理(某些服务如Nominatim要求)
	options := geo.Options{
		HTTPClient: client,
		UserAgent:  "MyGeocodingApp/1.0",
	}
	
	geocoder := geo.GeocoderNominatimWithOptions(options)
	
	address, err := geocoder.ReverseGeocode(40.7128, -74.0060)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error:", err)
		return
	}
	
	fmt.Println("New York City address:", address)
}

3. 批量地理编码

func batchGeocoding() {
	geocoder := geo.GeocoderNominatim()
	addresses := []string{
		"Eiffel Tower, Paris",
		"Statue of Liberty, New York",
		"Great Wall of China",
	}
	
	for _, addr := range addresses {
		location, err := geocoder.Geocode(addr)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Printf("Failed to geocode %s: %v\n", addr, err)
			continue
		}
		fmt.Printf("%s is at (%.6f, %.6f)\n", addr, location.Lat, location.Lng)
	}
}

注意事项

  1. API限制：大多数地理编码服务都有请求限制，特别是免费服务
  2. API密钥：Google Maps、Mapbox等服务需要API密钥
  3. 用户代理：使用Nominatim等服务时需要设置有效的用户代理
  4. 缓存：考虑实现缓存机制以减少API调用
  5. 错误处理：始终处理可能出现的错误

性能优化建议

  1. 对于大量请求，考虑使用支持批量请求的服务
  2. 实现本地缓存以避免重复查询相同地址
  3. 对于生产环境，考虑使用付费服务以获得更高的配额和更好的稳定性

geo-golang库提供了简单一致的接口来访问各种地理编码服务，使得在Go应用中集成地理编码功能变得非常方便。根据你的需求选择合适的服务提供商，并注意遵守各服务的使用条款。

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