golang高性能HTTP路由插件库xujiajun/gorouter的使用

xujiajun/gorouter是一个简单快速的Go HTTP路由库，易于构建RESTful API和Web框架。

动机

作者需要一个支持正则表达式的高性能Go HTTP路由器。虽然julienschmidt/httprouter非常快但不支持正则，而gorilla/mux功能强大但性能较慢。因此作者开发了xujiajun/gorouter，可能是目前支持正则表达式的最快Go HTTP路由器。

特性

• 高性能
• URL参数支持
• 正则表达式参数支持
• 路由分组
• 反向路由
• 自定义NotFoundHandler
• 自定义PanicHandler
• 中间件链支持
• 静态文件服务
• 熟悉的模式规则
• 支持HTTP方法：Get、Post、Delete、Put、Patch
• 无外部依赖(仅Go标准库)

要求

• Go 1.8+

安装

go get -u github.com/xujiajun/gorouter

使用示例

静态路由

package main

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/xujiajun/gorouter"
)

func main() {
	mux := gorouter.New()
	mux.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		w.Write([]byte("hello world"))
	})
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8181", mux))
}

URL参数

package main

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/xujiajun/gorouter"
)

func main() {
	mux := gorouter.New()
	//url参数匹配
	mux.GET("/user/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		//获取单个URL参数
		id := gorouter.GetParam(r, "id")
		//获取所有URL参数
		//id := gorouter.GetAllParams(r)
		//fmt.Println(id)
		w.Write([]byte("match user/:id ! get id:" + id))
	})

	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8181", mux))
}

正则参数

package main

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/xujiajun/gorouter"
)

func main() {
	mux := gorouter.New()
	//url正则匹配
	mux.GET("/user/{id:[0-9]+}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		w.Write([]byte("match user/{id:[0-9]+} !"))
	})

	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8181", mux))
}

路由分组

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/xujiajun/gorouter"
)

func usersHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprint(w, "/api/users")
}

func main() {
	mux := gorouter.New()
	mux.Group("/api").GET("/users", usersHandler)

	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8181", mux))
}

反向路由

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/xujiajun/gorouter"
)

func main() {
	mux := gorouter.New()

	routeName1 := "user_event"
	mux.GETAndName("/users/:user/events", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		w.Write([]byte("/users/:user/events"))
	}, routeName1)

	routeName2 := "repos_owner"
	mux.GETAndName("/repos/{owner:\\w+}/{repo:\\w+}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		w.Write([]byte("/repos/{owner:\\w+}/{repo:\\w+}"))
	}, routeName2)

	params := make(map[string]string)
	params["user"] = "xujiajun"
	fmt.Println(mux.Generate(http.MethodGet, routeName1, params)) // /users/xujiajun/events <nil>

	params = make(map[string]string)
	params["owner"] = "xujiajun"
	params["repo"] = "xujiajun_repo"
	fmt.Println(mux.Generate(http.MethodGet, routeName2, params)) // /repos/xujiajun/xujiajun_repo <nil>
}

自定义NotFoundHandler

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/xujiajun/gorouter"
)

func notFoundFunc(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
	fmt.Fprint(w, "404 page !!!")
}

func main() {
	mux := gorouter.New()
	mux.NotFoundFunc(notFoundFunc)
	mux.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		w.Write([]byte("hello world"))
	})

	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8181", mux))
}

自定义PanicHandler

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/xujiajun/gorouter"
)

func main() {
	mux := gorouter.New()
	mux.PanicHandler = func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, err interface{}) {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
		fmt.Println("err from recover is :", err)
		fmt.Fprint(w, "received a panic")
	}
	mux.GET("/panic", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		panic("panic")
	})

	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8181", mux))
}

中间件链

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/xujiajun/gorouter"
)

type statusRecorder struct {
	http.ResponseWriter
	status int
}

func (rec *statusRecorder) WriteHeader(code int) {
	rec.status = code
	rec.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
}

//https://upgear.io/blog/golang-tip-wrapping-http-response-writer-for-middleware/
func withStatusRecord(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		rec := statusRecorder{w, http.StatusOK}
		next.ServeHTTP(&rec, r)
		log.Printf("response status: %v\n", rec.status)
	}
}

func notFoundFunc(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
	fmt.Fprint(w, "Not found page !")
}

func withLogging(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		log.Printf("Logged connection from %s", r.RemoteAddr)
		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	}
}

func withTracing(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		log.Printf("Tracing request for %s", r.RequestURI)
		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	}
}

func main() {
	mux := gorouter.New()
	mux.NotFoundFunc(notFoundFunc)
	mux.Use(withLogging, withTracing, withStatusRecord)
	mux.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		w.Write([]byte("hello world"))
	})

	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8181", mux))
}

静态文件服务

package main

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	
	"github.com/xujiajun/gorouter"
)

//ServeFiles serve static resources
func ServeFiles(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	wd, err := os.Getwd()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	dir := wd + "/examples/serveStaticFiles/files"
	http.StripPrefix("/files/", http.FileServer(http.Dir(dir))).ServeHTTP(w, r)
}

func main() {
	mux := gorouter.New()
	mux.GET("/hi", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		w.Write([]byte("hi"))
	})
	//defined prefix
	mux2 := mux.Group("/files")
	//http://127.0.0.1:8181/files/demo.txt
	//will match
	mux2.GET("/{filename:[0-9a-zA-Z_.]+}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		ServeFiles(w, r)
	})

	//http://127.0.0.1:8181/files/a/demo2.txt
	//http://127.0.0.1:8181/files/a/demo.txt
	//will match
	mux2.GET("/{fileDir:[0-9a-zA-Z_.]+}/{filename:[0-9a-zA-Z_.]+}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		ServeFiles(w, r)
	})

	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8181", mux))
}

模式规则

:id是{id:[0-9]+}的简写，:name是{name:[0-9a-zA-Z_]+}的简写

性能基准

基准测试结果显示xujiajun/gorouter在支持正则的路由器中性能表现优异。

结论

• 性能(xujiajun/gorouter、julienschmidt/httprouter和teambition/trie-mux都很快)
• 内存消耗(xujiajun/gorouter和julienschmidt/httprouter较少)
• 特性(julienschmidt/httprouter不支持正则，其他支持)

如果需要支持正则的高性能路由器，xujiajun/gorouter是不错的选择。

如果不需要支持正则的高性能路由器，julienschmidt/httprouter是不错的选择。

最终，正如julienschmidt所说：“性能不能是选择路由器的唯一标准。尝试一些路由器，选择你最喜欢的一个。”

贡献

欢迎提交Pull Request。

作者

xujiajun

许可证

MIT许可

致谢

该项目受到以下项目的启发：

• httprouter
• bone
• trie-mux
• alien