Rust跨链互操作库pallet-xcm-bridge-hub的使用：实现XCM桥接枢纽的跨链资产转移与消息传递

安装

在项目目录中运行以下Cargo命令：

cargo add pallet-xcm-bridge-hub

或者在Cargo.toml中添加以下行：

pallet-xcm-bridge-hub = "0.17.0"

示例代码

以下是使用pallet-xcm-bridge-hub实现跨链资产转移和消息传递的完整示例：

// 引入必要的库和模块
use frame_support::{
    construct_runtime, parameter_types,
    traits::{Everything, OriginTrait},
};
use frame_system::EnsureRoot;
use pallet_xcm_bridge_hub::{Config, XcmBridgeHub};
use sp_core::H256;
use sp_runtime::{
    traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
    AccountId32,
};
use xcm::latest::prelude::*;

// 定义运行时配置
parameter_types! {
    pub const BlockHashCount: u64 = 250;
    pub const ExistentialDeposit: u64 = 1;
    pub const MaxLocks: u32 = 50;
    pub const MaxReserves: u32 = 50;
}

impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
    type BaseCallFilter = Everything;
    type BlockWeights = ();
    type BlockLength = ();
    type DbWeight = ();
    type Origin = Origin;
    type Call = Call;
    type Index = u64;
    type BlockNumber = u64;
    type Hash = H256;
    type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
    type AccountId = AccountId32;
    type Lookup = IdentityLookup<Self::AccountId>;
    type Header = sp_runtime::generic::Header<u64, BlakeTwo256>;
    type Event = Event;
    type BlockHashCount = BlockHashCount;
    type Version = ();
    type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
    type AccountData = pallet_balances::AccountData<u64>;
    type OnNewAccount = ();
    type OnKilledAccount = ();
    type SystemWeightInfo = ();
    type SS58Prefix = ();
    type OnSetCode = ();
    type MaxConsumers = frame_support::traits::ConstU32<16>;
}

impl pallet_balances::Config for Runtime {
    type Balance = u64;
    type DustRemoval = ();
    type Event = Event;
    type ExistentialDeposit = ExistentialDeposit;
    type AccountStore = System;
    type WeightInfo = ();
    type MaxLocks = MaxLocks;
    type MaxReserves = MaxReserves;
    type ReserveIdentifier = [u8; 8];
}

parameter_types! {
    pub const RelayNetwork: NetworkId = NetworkId::Polkadot;
    pub const BridgeHubParaId: u32 = 1000;
    pub UniversalLocation: InteriorMultiLocation = X2(GlobalConsensus(RelayNetwork::get()), Parachain(BridgeHubParaId::get()));
}

impl Config for Runtime {
    type Event = Event;
    type UniversalLocation = UniversalLocation;
    type BridgeOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId32>;
    type XcmRouter = ();
    type Weigher = ();
    type AssetTransactor = ();
    type OriginConverter = ();
    type IsReserve = ();
    type IsTeleporter = ();
    type Barrier = ();
    type CallDispatcher = ();
    type AssetTrap = ();
    type AssetClaims = ();
    type AssetExchanger = ();
    type SubscriptionService = ();
    type PalletInstances = ();
    type FeeManager = ();
    type MaxAssetsIntoHolding = ();
    type MessageExporter = ();
    type UniversalAliases = ();
    type CallFilter = Everything;
    type SafeCallFilter = Everything;
    type Aliasers = ();
}

// 构建运行时
construct_runtime!(
    pub enum Runtime where
        Block = Block,
        NodeBlock = Block,
        UncheckedExtrinsic = UncheckedExtrinsic,
    {
        System: frame_system,
        Balances: pallet_balances,
        XcmBridgeHub: pallet_xcm-bridge-hub,
    }
);

// 示例：发送跨链消息
fn send_cross_chain_message() {
    let dest: MultiLocation = X2(GlobalConsensus(NetworkId::Polkadot), Parachain(1001));
    let message: Xcm<()> = Xcm(vec![
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: 1_000_000_000,
            call: vec![].into(),
        }
    ]);
    
    // 在实际运行时中，通过调用XcmBridgeHub的send_message函数
    // XcmBridgeHub::send_message(dest, message);
}

功能说明

跨链资产转移：通过XCM协议在不同链之间转移资产
跨链消息传递：发送和接收跨链消息
桥接枢纽：作为多个链之间的通信中心

完整示例代码

// 引入必要的库和模块
use frame_support::{
    construct_runtime, parameter_types,
    traits::{Everything, OriginTrait},
};
use frame_system::EnsureRoot;
use pallet_xcm_bridge_hub::{Config, XcmBridgeHub};
use sp_core::H256;
use sp_runtime::{
    traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
    AccountId32,
};
use xcm::latest::prelude::*;

// 定义运行时配置
parameter_types! {
    pub const BlockHashCount: u64 = 250;
    pub const ExistentialDeposit: u64 = 1;
    pub const MaxLocks: u32 = 50;
    pub const MaxReserves: u32 = 50;
}

impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
    type BaseCallFilter = Everything;
    type BlockWeights = ();
    type BlockLength = ();
    type DbWeight = ();
    type Origin = Origin;
    type Call = Call;
    type Index = u64;
    type BlockNumber = u64;
    type Hash = H256;
    type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
    type AccountId = AccountId32;
    type Lookup = IdentityLookup<Self::AccountId>;
    type Header = sp_runtime::generic::Header<u64, BlakeTwo256>;
    type Event = Event;
    type BlockHashCount = BlockHashCount;
    type Version = ();
    type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
    type AccountData = pallet_balances::AccountData<u64>;
    type OnNewAccount = ();
    type OnKilledAccount = ();
    type SystemWeightInfo = ();
    type SS58Prefix = ();
    type OnSetCode = ();
    type MaxConsumers = frame_support::traits::ConstU32<16>;
}

impl pallet_balances::Config for Runtime {
    type Balance = u64;
    type DustRemoval = ();
    type Event = Event;
    type ExistentialDeposit = ExistentialDeposit;
    type AccountStore = System;
    type WeightInfo = ();
    type MaxLocks = MaxLocks;
    type MaxReserves = MaxReserves;
    type ReserveIdentifier = [u8; 8];
}

parameter_types! {
    pub const RelayNetwork: NetworkId = NetworkId::Polkadot;
    pub const BridgeHubParaId: u32 = 1000;
    pub UniversalLocation: InteriorMultiLocation = X2(GlobalConsensus(RelayNetwork::get()), Parachain(BridgeHubParaId::get()));
}

impl Config for Runtime {
    type Event = Event;
    type UniversalLocation = UniversalLocation;
    type BridgeOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId32>;
    type XcmRouter = ();
    type Weigher = ();
    type AssetTransactor = ();
    type OriginConverter = ();
    type IsReserve = ();
    type IsTeleporter = ();
    type Barrier = ();
    type CallDispatcher = ();
    type AssetTrap = ();
    type AssetClaims = ();
    type AssetExchanger = ();
    type SubscriptionService = ();
    type PalletInstances = ();
    type FeeManager = ();
    type MaxAssetsIntoHolding = ();
    type MessageExporter = ();
    type UniversalAliases = ();
    type CallFilter = Everything;
    type SafeCallFilter = Everything;
    type Aliasers = ();
}

// 构建运行时
construct_runtime!(
    pub enum Runtime where
        Block = Block,
        NodeBlock = Block,
        UncheckedExtrinsic = UncheckedExtrinsic,
    {
        System: frame_system,
        Balances: pallet_balances,
        XcmBridgeHub: pallet_xcm_bridge_hub,
    }
);

// 示例：发送跨链资产转移
fn send_cross_chain_asset() {
    // 目标链位置
    let dest: MultiLocation = X2(GlobalConsensus(NetworkId::Polkadot), Parachain(1001));
    
    // 要转移的资产
    let asset: MultiAsset = (Here, 100u64).into();
    
    // 接收方账户
    let beneficiary: MultiLocation = X1(AccountId32 {
        network: None,
        id: [0u8; 32],
    });
    
    // 构建XCM消息
    let message: Xcm<()> = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset(asset.clone().into()),
        BuyExecution { 
            fees: asset,
            weight_limit: Unlimited,
        },
        DepositAsset {
            assets: All.into(),
            max_assets: 1,
            beneficiary,
        },
    ]);
    
    // 在实际运行时中，通过调用XcmBridgeHub的send_message函数
    // XcmBridgeHub::send_message(dest, message);
}

// 示例：发送跨链消息
fn send_cross_chain_message() {
    let dest: MultiLocation = X2(GlobalConsensus(NetworkId::Polkadot), Parachain(1001));
    let message: Xcm<()> = Xcm(vec![
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: 1_000_000_000,
            call: vec![].into(),
        }
    ]);
    
    // 在实际运行时中，通过调用XcmBridgeHub的send_message函数
    // XcmBridgeHub::send_message(dest, message);
}

功能说明

跨链资产转移：通过XCM协议在不同链之间转移资产
跨链消息传递：发送和接收跨链消息
桥接枢纽：作为多个链之间的通信中心

wuwangju 1楼

根据您提供的完整内容，我将整理出一个完整的示例demo，展示如何使用pallet-xcm-bridge-hub实现跨链互操作。以下是完整的示例代码：

完整示例Demo

//! 完整的XCM桥接枢纽示例
//! 演示如何初始化桥接、转移资产和发送跨链消息

// 1. 添加必要的依赖
use frame_support::{dispatch::DispatchResult, traits::EnsureOrigin};
use xcm::latest::{prelude::*, MultiAsset, MultiLocation};
use pallet_xcm_bridge_hub::Pallet as XcmBridgeHub;

// 2. 定义运行时配置
pub struct Runtime;
impl pallet_xcm_bridge_hub::Config for Runtime {
    type RuntimeEvent = ();
    type XcmExecutor = ();
    type UniversalLocation = ();
    type BridgedNetworkId = u32;
    type BridgeFee = u128;
    type WeightInfo = ();
}

// 3. 桥接管理模块
pub mod bridge_management {
    use super::*;
    
    /// 初始化桥接到目标网络
    pub fn initialize_bridge(
        network_id: u32,
        description: &[u8]
    ) -> DispatchResult {
        let origin = frame_system::RawOrigin::Root.into();
        
        XcmBridgeHub::initialize_bridge(
            origin,
            network_id,
            description.to_vec()
        )
    }
    
    /// 配置跨链路由
    pub fn setup_route(
        source: u32,
        destination: u32,
        intermediates: Vec<u32>
    ) -> DispatchResult {
        let origin = frame_system::RawOrigin::Root.into();
        
        XcmBridgeHub::configure_route(
            origin,
            source,
            destination,
            intermediates
        )
    }
}

// 4. 资产转移模块
pub mod asset_transfer {
    use super::*;
    
    /// 执行跨链资产转移
    pub fn transfer_asset_to_chain(
        sender: [u8; 32],    // 发送方账户ID
        dest_chain: u32,     // 目标链ID
        dest_account: [u8; 32], // 目标账户
        amount: u128         // 转移金额
    ) -> DispatchResult {
        // 构建接收方位置
        let recipient = MultiLocation::new(
            1, 
            X1(AccountId32 { 
                network: None, 
                id: dest_account 
            })
        );
        
        // 构建资产描述
        let asset = MultiAsset {
            id: Concrete(MultiLocation::here()),
            fun: Fungible(amount),
        };
        
        XcmBridgeHub::transfer_asset(
            RuntimeOrigin::signed(sender.into()),
            Box::new(recipient.into()),
            Box::new(asset.into()),
            0, // 权重限制
        )
    }
}

// 5. 消息传递模块
pub mod message_passing {
    use super::*;
    
    /// 发送跨链消息
    pub fn send_message_to_chain(
        sender: [u8; 32],
        dest_chain: u32,
        dest_parachain: u32,
        message: Vec<u8>
    ) -> DispatchResult {
        let destination = MultiLocation::new(
            1,
            X1(Parachain(dest_parachain))
        );
        
        let xcm_message = Xcm::<()>::new()
            .withdraw_asset((Here, 100u128).into())
            .buy_execution((Here, 1u128).into())
            .deposit_asset(
                All.into(),
                X1(AccountId32 { network: None, id: sender })
            );
        
        XcmBridgeHub::send_xcm_message(
            RuntimeOrigin::signed(sender.into()),
            Box::new(destination.into()),
            Box::new(xcm_message.into()),
        )
    }
}

// 6. 测试用例
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    
    #[test]
    fn test_bridge_initialization() {
        assert!(bridge_management::initialize_bridge(
            1, 
            b"Test Bridge"
        ).is_ok());
    }
    
    #[test]
    fn test_asset_transfer() {
        let alice = [1u8; 32];
        let bob = [2u8; 32];
        
        assert!(asset_transfer::transfer_asset_to_chain(
            alice,
            2, // 目标链ID
            bob,
            100u128
        ).is_ok());
    }
}

项目结构说明

/xcm_bridge_demo
├── Cargo.toml
├── src
│   ├── lib.rs                # 主库文件
│   ├── bridge_management.rs  # 桥接管理模块
│   ├── asset_transfer.rs      # 资产转移模块
│   └── message_passing.rs    # 消息传递模块
└── tests
    └── integration_tests.rs   # 集成测试

关键功能实现说明

桥接初始化：
- 使用initialize_bridge函数创建到目标网络的桥接
- 需要root权限执行
资产转移：
- 支持同质化资产(Fungible)的跨链转移
- 使用XCM的TransferAsset指令
消息传递：
- 支持自定义XCM消息的跨链发送
- 包含资产提取、执行购买和资产存入的完整流程
路由配置：
- 支持多跳路由设置
- 可配置中间网络节点

使用建议

在实际部署前充分测试跨链操作
监控XCM执行结果和费用消耗
对于关键操作实现重试机制
定期更新依赖库版本

这个完整示例演示了pallet-xcm-bridge-hub的核心功能实现，包括初始化桥接、资产转移和消息传递等关键操作。您可以根据实际需求扩展更多功能模块。