Rust异步任务分发库async-dispatcher的使用:高效管理并发与调度任务
Rust异步任务分发库async-dispatcher的使用:高效管理并发与调度任务
async-dispatcher是一个允许异步库在不绑定特定异步运行时的情况下生成任务和设置定时器的库。它的核心需求来自于能够使用原生操作系统调度器。
库的基本使用
库可以以通用方式生成任务:
use async_dispatcher::{spawn, sleep};
pub async fn my_library_function() {
let task = spawn(async {
sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
println!("in a spawned task!");
});
// ...
}
应用程序控制任务分发
使用这些库的应用程序可以通过实现Dispatcher
trait来控制如何分发工作:
use async_dispatcher::{set_dispatcher, Dispatcher, Runnable};
struct MyAppDispatcher;
impl Dispatcher for MyAppDispatcher {
fn dispatch(&self, runnable: Runnable) {
// 实现任务分发逻辑
}
fn dispatch_after(&self, duration: Duration, runnable: Runnable) {
// 实现延迟任务分发逻辑
}
}
fn main() {
set_dispatcher(MyAppDispatcher);
async_dispatcher::block_on(async move {
my_library_function().await;
});
}
完整示例
下面是一个完整的示例,展示如何使用async-dispatcher库:
use std::time::Duration;
use async_dispatcher::{spawn, sleep, set_dispatcher, Dispatcher, Runnable, block_on};
// 自定义分发器实现
struct MyAppDispatcher;
impl Dispatcher for MyAppDispatcher {
fn dispatch(&self, runnable: Runnable) {
println!("Dispatching task immediately");
// 在实际应用中,这里会将任务提交到线程池或异步运行时
tokio::spawn(async move {
runnable.run().await;
});
}
fn dispatch_after(&self, duration: Duration, runnable: Runnable) {
println!("Scheduling task after {:?}", duration);
// 在实际应用中,这里会设置一个定时器
tokio::spawn(async move {
tokio::time::sleep(duration).await;
runnable.run().await;
});
}
}
// 示例库函数
async fn my_library_function() {
println!("Library function started");
// 立即生成任务
let task1 = spawn(async {
println!("Task 1 started");
sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
println!("Task 1 completed");
});
// 延迟生成任务
let task2 = spawn(async {
println!("Task 2 started after delay");
sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)).await;
println!("Task 2 completed");
});
// 等待任务完成
task1.await;
task2.await;
println!("Library function completed");
}
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
// 设置自定义分发器
set_dispatcher(MyAppDispatcher);
// 运行库函数
block_on(async {
my_library_function().await;
}).await;
}
安装
要使用async-dispatcher,可以运行以下Cargo命令:
cargo add async-dispatcher
或者在Cargo.toml中添加:
async-dispatcher = "0.1.2"
这个库的主要优势在于它允许库作者编写异步代码而不绑定特定的运行时,同时让应用程序开发者可以灵活地选择如何执行这些异步任务。
完整示例demo
基于上述内容,下面是一个更完整的async-dispatcher使用示例:
use std::time::Duration;
use async_dispatcher::{
spawn, sleep, set_dispatcher,
Dispatcher, Runnable, block_on
};
// 自定义分发器实现
struct TokioDispatcher;
impl Dispatcher for TokioDispatcher {
fn dispatch(&self, runnable: Runnable) {
// 使用tokio运行时立即执行任务
tokio::spawn(async move {
println!("[Dispatcher] Running task immediately");
runnable.run().await;
});
}
fn dispatch_after(&self, duration: Duration, runnable: Runnable) {
// 使用tokio定时器延迟执行任务
tokio::spawn(async move {
println!("[Dispatcher] Scheduling task after {:?}", duration);
tokio::time::sleep(duration).await;
runnable.run().await;
});
}
}
// 模拟库函数
async fn network_operations() {
println!("Starting network operations...");
// 并发发起多个网络请求
let req1 = spawn(async {
println!("[Request 1] Started");
sleep(Duration::from_millis(800)).await;
println!("[Request 1] Completed");
});
let req2 = spawn(async {
println!("[Request 2] Started");
sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
println!("[Request 2] Completed");
});
// 定时任务
let delayed_task = spawn(async {
println!("[Delayed Task] Started after delay");
sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)).await;
println!("[Delayed Task] Completed");
});
// 等待所有任务完成
req1.await;
req2.await;
delayed_task.await;
println!("All network operations completed!");
}
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
// 设置tokio分发器
set_dispatcher(TokioDispatcher);
println!("Application started");
// 执行库函数
block_on(async {
network_operations().await;
}).await;
println!("Application finished");
}
这个示例展示了:
- 自定义TokioDispatcher实现
- 模拟网络请求的并发执行
- 延迟任务的调度
- 完整的async-dispatcher工作流程
要运行这个示例,需要在Cargo.toml中添加:
[dependencies]
async-dispatcher = "0.1.2"
tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
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