以下是关于Rust区块链共识引擎sp-consensus-beefy在Substrate框架下的完整使用示例，包含BEEFY协议实现与节点验证功能：

完整BEEFY协议实现Demo

use sp_consensus_beefy::{
    beefy, crypto, mmr, known_payloads, 
    Commitment, Payload, SignedCommitment, ValidatorSet,
    BeefyApi, BeefyJustification, BeefyDataProvider, MMRLeaf, MmrHasher
};
use sp_runtime::traits::{Block as BlockT, NumberFor, Header as HeaderT, Hash, BlakeTwo256};
use sp_api::{ProvideRuntimeApi, BlockId};
use sp_blockchain::HeaderBackend;
use sp_core::{H256, sr25519};
use std::sync::Arc;

// 1. 定义BEEFY验证人集
fn create_validator_set() -> ValidatorSet<sr25519::AuthorityId> {
    let authorities = vec![
        sr25519::Public::from_raw([1; 32]).into(),
        sr25519::Public::from_raw([2; 32]).into(),
        sr25519::Public::from_raw([3; 32]).into(),
    ];
    ValidatorSet::new(authorities, 1)
}

// 2. 创建并签名BEEFY承诺
fn create_signed_commitment<Block: BlockT>(
    block_number: NumberFor<Block>,
    validator_set: &ValidatorSet<sr25519::AuthorityId>,
) -> SignedCommitment<NumberFor<Block>, sr25519::Signature> {
    let payload = Payload::from_single_entry(
        known_payloads::MMR_ROOT_ID,
        H256::random().as_bytes().to_vec(),
    );
    
    Commitment {
        payload,
        block_number,
        validator_set_id: validator_set.id(),
    }
    .sign(&sr25519::Public::from_raw([1; 32]).into(), validator_set)
    .expect("签名应该成功")
}

// 3. 验证BEEFY承诺
fn verify_commitment<Block: BlockT>(
    signed_commitment: &SignedCommitment<NumberFor<Block>, sr25519::Signature>,
    validator_set: &ValidatorSet<sr25519::AuthorityId>,
) -> bool {
    signed_commitment.verify(validator_set).is_ok()
}

// 4. MMR叶子节点创建
fn create_mmr_leaf<Block: BlockT>(
    block_number: NumberFor<Block>,
    block_hash: Block::Hash,
    parent_hash: Block::Hash,
    next_validator_set: ValidatorSet<sr25519::AuthorityId>,
) -> MMRLeaf<Block::Header, MmrHasher<Block>> {
    MMRLeaf {
        version: beefy::MMRLeafVersion::new(0),
        parent_number_and_hash: (block_number.saturating_sub(1.into()), parent_hash),
        beefy_next_authority_set: next_validator_set,
        leaf_extra: Vec::new(),
        block_hash,
    }
}

// 5. BEEFY验证器实现
struct BeefyVerifier<Block: BlockT, Client> {
    client: Arc<Client>,
}

impl<Block, Client> BeefyVerifier<Block, Client>
where
    Block: BlockT,
    Client: ProvideRuntimeApi<Block> + HeaderBackend<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
    Client::Api: BeefyApi<Block>,
{
    pub fn verify_justification(
        &self,
        justification: BeefyJustification<Block>,
        validator_set: ValidatorSet<sr25519::AuthorityId>,
    ) -> Result<(), sp_runtime::DispatchError> {
        let block_id = BlockId::hash(justification.commitment.block_hash);
        let header = self.client.header(block_id)?;
        
        beefy::verify_beefy_justification::<Block>(
            &justification,
            validator_set,
            header.as_ref().map(|h| h.number()),
        )
    }
}

// 6. 自定义BEEFY数据提供者
struct MyBeefyDataProvider<Block: BlockT> {
    current_block: NumberFor<Block>,
}

impl<Block: BlockT> BeefyDataProvider<Block> for MyBeefyDataProvider<Block> {
    fn best_block_number(&self) -> NumberFor<Block> {
        self.current_block
    }
    
    fn next_authorities(&self, _block: NumberFor<Block>) -> Option<ValidatorSet<sr25519::AuthorityId>> {
        Some(create_validator_set())
    }
}

// 主函数示例
fn main() {
    type BlockNumber = u64;
    type BlockHash = H256;
    
    // 1. 初始化验证人集
    let validator_set = create_validator_set();
    
    // 2. 创建BEEFY承诺
    let commitment = create_signed_commitment::<BlockNumber>(42, &validator_set);
    
    // 3. 验证承诺
    if verify_commitment(&commitment, &validator_set) {
        println!("✅ BEEFY承诺验证成功");
    } else {
        println!("❌ BEEFY承诺验证失败");
    }
    
    // 4. 创建MMR叶子节点
    let mmr_leaf = create_mmr_leaf::<BlockNumber>(
        42,
        H256::random(),
        H256::random(),
        validator_set.clone(),
    );
    println!("📄 创建的MMR叶子节点: {:?}", mmr_leaf);
    
    // 5. 初始化数据提供者
    let data_provider = MyBeefyDataProvider { current_block: 42 };
    println!("🔄 当前最佳块号: {}", data_provider.best_block_number());
}

关键组件说明

1. ValidatorSet - BEEFY验证人集合，包含验证人公钥列表和集合ID
2. Commitment - 包含块号、验证人集ID和有效负载的BEEFY承诺
3. SignedCommitment - 由验证人签名后的承诺，包含签名信息
4. MMRLeaf - 用于BEEFY协议的Merkle Mountain Range叶子节点结构
5. BeefyJustification - 包含多个验证人签名的证明结构

使用说明

1. 首先添加依赖到Cargo.toml：

sp-consensus-beefy = "26.0.0"

1. 主要功能包括：

• 创建和验证BEEFY验证人集
• 生成和验证BEEFY承诺
• MMR叶子节点生成
• BEEFY证明验证
• 自定义数据提供者实现

1. 该示例展示了BEEFY协议的核心功能，可根据实际需求进行扩展。

注意事项

1. 实际使用时需要集成到Substrate节点中
2. 验证人签名需要使用真实的密钥对
3. MMR树的维护需要与区块链状态同步
4. 验证人集更新需要遵循链上治理机制