Rust StarkNet账户管理库starknet-accounts使用指南

starknet-accounts是一个用于StarkNet区块链账户管理的Rust库，提供了账户创建、签名和交易发送等功能。

主要功能

1. 创建和管理StarkNet账户
2. 对交易进行签名
3. 发送交易到StarkNet网络
4. 支持不同类型的账户实现

安装

在Cargo.toml中添加依赖：

[dependencies]
starknet-accounts = "0.3"
starknet = "0.3"
tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }

基本使用方法

1. 创建本地账户

use starknet::core::types::FieldElement;
use starknet::core::utils::get_contract_address;
use starknet_accounts::{LocalWallet, SingleOwnerAccount};
use starknet_providers::jsonrpc::HttpTransport;
use starknet_providers::JsonRpcClient;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // 初始化provider
    let provider = JsonRpcClient::new(HttpTransport::new(
        "https://starknet-goerli.infura.io/v3/YOUR_INFURA_KEY".parse().unwrap(),
    ));
    
    // 创建私钥
    let private_key = FieldElement::from_hex_be("YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY").unwrap();
    
    // 创建账户地址
    let address = get_contract_address(
        FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x123").unwrap(), // salt
        FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x456").unwrap(), // class hash
        &[private_key],
        FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x0").unwrap(), // constructor calldata
    );
    
    // 创建本地钱包
    let signer = LocalWallet::from(private_key);
    
    // 创建账户
    let account = SingleOwnerAccount::new(
        provider,
        signer,
        address,
        FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x534e5f474f45524c49").unwrap(), // chain_id (SN_GOERLI)
    );
}

2. 发送交易

use starknet::core::types::{FunctionCall, InvokeTransactionRequest};
use starknet::macros::selector;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // ... 前面的账户创建代码
    
    // 准备调用数据
    let call = FunctionCall {
        contract_address: FieldElement::from_hex_be("0xCONTRACT_ADDRESS").unwrap(),
        entry_point_selector: selector!("transfer"),
        calldata: vec![
            FieldElement::from_hex_be("0xRECIPIENT").unwrap(),
            FieldElement::from_hex_be("1000000000000000000").unwrap(), // 1 ETH
            FieldElement::ZERO,
        ],
    };
    
    // 创建调用交易请求
    let tx_request = InvokeTransactionRequest {
        sender_address: address,
        calldata: call.calldata,
        signature: vec![],
        max_fee: FieldElement::from_hex_be("1000000000000000").unwrap(),
        nonce: FieldElement::ZERO,
    };
    
    // 执行交易
    let result = account.execute(vec![call]).send().await.unwrap();
    
    println!("Transaction hash: {:#x}", result.transaction_hash);
}

3. 查询账户信息

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // ... 前面的账户创建代码
    
    // 查询nonce
    let nonce = account.get_nonce().await.unwrap();
    println!("Current nonce: {}", nonce);
    
    // 查询余额
    let balance = provider
        .call(
            FunctionCall {
                contract_address: FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x049d36570d4e46f48e99674bd3fcc84644ddd6b96f7c741b1562b82f9e004dc7").unwrap(), // ETH合约地址
                entry_point_selector: selector!("balanceOf"),
                calldata: vec![address],
            },
            None,
        )
        .await
        .unwrap();
    
    println!("ETH balance: {}", balance[0]);
}

高级功能

1. 使用多重签名账户

use starknet_accounts::MultiSigAccount;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // 创建多个签名者
    let signer1 = LocalWallet::from(FieldElement::from_hex_be("PRIVATE_KEY1").unwrap());
    let signer2 = LocalWallet::from(FieldElement::from_hex_be("PRIVATE_KEY2").unwrap());
    
    // 创建多重签名账户
    let account = MultiSigAccount::new(
        provider,
        vec![signer1, signer2],
        address,
        FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x534e5f474f45524c49").unwrap(), // chain_id
        2, // 需要的签名数
    );
}

2. 使用硬件钱包签名

use starknet_accounts::LedgerWallet;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // 创建Ledger钱包
    let signer = LedgerWallet::new("path/to/ledger").unwrap();
    
    // 创建账户
    let account = SingleOwnerAccount::new(
        provider,
        signer,
        address,
        FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x534e5f474f45524c49").unwrap(),
    );
}

注意事项

1. 妥善保管私钥，不要硬编码在代码中
2. 生产环境使用环境变量或安全的密钥管理系统
3. 发送交易前确保账户有足够的ETH支付gas费用
4. 注意处理nonce，避免重复使用

完整示例

以下是一个完整的StarkNet账户管理示例，包含创建账户、查询余额和发送交易：

use starknet::core::types::{FieldElement, FunctionCall, InvokeTransactionRequest};
use starknet::core::utils::get_contract_address;
use starknet::macros::selector;
use starknet_accounts::{LocalWallet, SingleOwnerAccount};
use starknet_providers::jsonrpc::HttpTransport;
use starknet_providers::JsonRpcClient;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // 1. 初始化provider
    let provider = JsonRpcClient::new(HttpTransport::new(
        "https://starknet-goerli.infura.io/v3/YOUR_INFURA_KEY".parse().unwrap(),
    ));
    
    // 2. 创建账户
    let private_key = FieldElement::from_hex_be("YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY").unwrap();
    let address = get_contract_address(
        FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x123").unwrap(),
        FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x456").unwrap(),
        &[private_key],
        FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x0").unwrap(),
    );
    
    let signer = LocalWallet::from(private_key);
    let account = SingleOwnerAccount::new(
        provider.clone(),
        signer,
        address,
        FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x534e5f474f45524c49").unwrap(),
    );
    
    // 3. 查询余额
    let balance = provider
        .call(
            FunctionCall {
                contract_address: FieldElement::from_hex_be("0x049d36570d4e46f48e99674bd3fcc84644ddd6b96f7c741b1562b82f9e004dc7").unwrap(),
                entry_point_selector: selector!("balanceOf"),
                calldata: vec![address],
            },
            None,
        )
        .await
        .unwrap();
    println!("Current ETH balance: {}", balance[0]);
    
    // 4. 发送交易
    let call = FunctionCall {
        contract_address: FieldElement::from_hex_be("0xCONTRACT_ADDRESS").unwrap(),
        entry_point_selector: selector!("transfer"),
        calldata: vec![
            FieldElement::from_hex_be("0xRECIPIENT").unwrap(),
            FieldElement::from_hex_be("1000000000000000000").unwrap(),
            FieldElement::ZERO,
        ],
    };
    
    let result = account.execute(vec![call]).send().await.unwrap();
    println!("Transaction hash: {:#x}", result.transaction_hash);
}