Rust HTTP请求库http-request的使用指南

简介

http-request 是一个轻量级、高效的Rust HTTP客户端库，专为简化HTTP请求处理而设计。它提供了简洁的API来处理各种HTTP请求和响应，支持异步操作，适合构建需要高性能HTTP通信的Rust应用。

安装

在Cargo.toml中添加依赖：

[dependencies]
http-request = "0.7"

基本使用方法

1. 发送GET请求

use http_request::get;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), http_request::Error> {
    // 发送GET请求并等待响应
    let response = get("https://httpbin.org/get").send().await?;
    
    // 打印响应状态码和正文
    println!("Status: {}", response.status());
    println!("Body: {}", response.text().await?);
    
    Ok(())
}

2. 发送POST请求

use http_request::post;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), http_request::Error> {
    // 发送POST请求并附带正文
    let response = post("https://httpbin.org/post")
        .body("Hello, World!")
        .send()
        .await?;
    
    // 打印响应正文
    println!("Response: {}", response.text().await?);
    
    Ok(())
}

3. 设置请求头

use http_request::get;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), http_request::Error> {
    // 发送GET请求并设置自定义请求头
    let response = get("https://httpbin.org/headers")
        .header("X-Custom-Header", "RustIsAwesome")
        .send()
        .await?;
    
    // 打印响应正文
    println!("Response: {}", response.text().await?);
    
    Ok(())
}

高级功能

1. 处理JSON数据

use http_request::post;
use serde_json::json;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), http_request::Error> {
    // 创建JSON数据
    let data = json!({
        "name": "Rustacean",
        "age": 5,
        "skills": ["ownership", "borrowing", "fearless"]
    });

    // 发送POST请求并附带JSON数据
    let response = post("https://httpbin.org/post")
        .json(&data)?
        .send()
        .await?;
    
    // 打印响应正文
    println!("Response: {}", response.text().await?);
    
    Ok(())
}

2. 处理查询参数

use http_request::get;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), http_request::Error> {
    // 发送GET请求并添加查询参数
    let response = get("https://httpbin.org/get")
        .query(&[("page", "2"), ("limit", "20")])
        .send()
        .await?;
    
    // 打印响应正文
    println!("Response: {}", response.text().await?);
    
    Ok(())
}

3. 超时设置

use http_request::get;
use std::time::Duration;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), http_request::Error> {
    // 发送GET请求并设置3秒超时
    let response = get("https://httpbin.org/delay/5")
        .timeout(Duration::from_secs(3))
        .send()
        .await?;
    
    // 打印响应正文
    println!("Response: {}", response.text().await?);
    
    Ok(())
}

错误处理

http-request 提供了详细的错误类型：

use http_request::{get, Error};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // 匹配不同的错误类型
    match get("https://invalid.url").send().await {
        Ok(response) => println!("Success: {}", response.status()),
        Err(Error::Network(e)) => eprintln!("Network error: {}", e),
        Err(Error::InvalidUrl(e)) => eprintln!("Invalid URL: {}", e),
        Err(Error::Timeout) => eprintln!("Request timed out"),
        Err(e) => eprintln!("Other error: {}", e),
    }
}

性能优化技巧

1. 重用Client实例：对于多个请求，创建并重用Client实例可以提高性能

use http_request::Client;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), http_request::Error> {
    // 创建Client实例
    let client = Client::new();
    
    // 重用Client发送多个请求
    let response1 = client.get("https://httpbin.org/get").send().await?;
    let response2 = client.post("https://httpbin.org/post").send().await?;
    
    // 处理响应...
    
    Ok(())
}

1. 流式处理大响应：对于大文件或流数据，使用stream()方法

use http_request::get;
use futures::StreamExt;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), http_request::Error> {
    // 获取响应流
    let mut stream = get("https://example.com/large-file")
        .send()
        .await?
        .stream();
    
    // 逐块处理数据
    while let Some(chunk) = stream.next().await {
        let chunk = chunk?;
        // 处理数据块
    }
    
    Ok(())
}

完整示例

use http_request::{get, post, Client};
use serde_json::json;
use std::time::Duration;
use futures::StreamExt;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    // 1. 基本GET请求
    println!("--- 基本GET请求 ---");
    let response = get("https://httpbin.org/get").send().await?;
    println!("Status: {}", response.status());
    println!("Body: {}\n", response.text().await?);

    // 2. POST请求与JSON处理
    println!("--- POST请求与JSON处理 ---");
    let data = json!({
        "name": "Rustacean",
        "age": 5
    });
    let json_response = post("https://httpbin.org/post")
        .json(&data)?
        .send()
        .await?;
    println!("JSON Response: {}\n", json_response.text().await?);

    // 3. 客户端重用
    println!("--- 客户端重用 ---");
    let client = Client::new();
    let client_response1 = client.get("https://httpbin.org/get").send().await?;
    let client_response2 = client.post("https://httpbin.org/post").send().await?;
    println!("Client Response 1 Status: {}", client_response1.status());
    println!("Client Response 2 Status: {}\n", client_response2.status());

    // 4. 流式处理
    println!("--- 流式处理 ---");
    let mut stream = get("https://httpbin.org/stream/3")
        .send()
        .await?
        .stream();
    
    while let Some(chunk) = stream.next().await {
        let chunk = chunk?;
        println!("Received chunk: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&chunk));
    }

    Ok(())
}

总结

http-request 提供了简单直观的API来处理HTTP请求，同时保持了高性能。它的设计哲学是提供必要的功能而不增加不必要的复杂性，非常适合需要高效HTTP通信的Rust项目。