SurrealDB Core Nightly: 高性能NoSQL与SQL混合查询的嵌入式数据库解决方案

简介

SurrealDB是一个新兴的多模型数据库，结合了NoSQL的灵活性和SQL的强大查询能力。surrealdb-core-nightly是其Rust实现的核心引擎版本，提供了嵌入式数据库解决方案。

主要特性

• 混合查询能力：同时支持文档型NoSQL查询和传统SQL查询
• 嵌入式设计：可作为库直接集成到Rust应用中
• 高性能：针对Rust环境优化，利用Rust的内存安全特性
• 多模型支持：文档、图数据库、键值存储等功能
• 实时能力：支持实时数据同步和订阅

使用方法

基本使用示例

use surrealdb_core_nightly as surreal;
use surreal::sql::{value, thing, json};
use surreal::dbs::Session;
use surreal::kvs::Datastore;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    // 创建内存数据库实例
    let ds = Datastore::new("memory").await?;
    let ses = Session::owner();
    
    // 创建表
    let sql = "DEFINE TABLE user SCHEMALESS";
    ds.execute(sql, &ses, None).await?;
    
    // 插入数据
    let sql = "CREATE user:john SET name = 'John Doe', age = 31";
    ds.execute(sql, &ses, None).await?;
    
    // 查询数据
    let sql = "SELECT * FROM user WHERE age > 30";
    let res = ds.execute(sql, &ses, None).await?;
    
    println!("查询结果: {:?}", res);
    
    Ok(())
}

高级查询示例

// 关系查询示例
let sql = r#"
    CREATE article:rust SET title = 'Rust数据库引擎', author = user:john;
    SELECT author.name FROM article WHERE title CONTAINS 'Rust'
"#;
let res = ds.execute(sql, &ses, None).await?;

// 图查询示例
let sql = r#"
    RELATE user:john->likes->article:rust SET time = time::now();
    SELECT ->likes->article.title FROM user:john
"#;
let res = ds.execute(sql, &ses, None).await?;

完整示例Demo

以下是一个完整的SurrealDB Core Nightly使用示例，包含数据建模、CRUD操作、关系查询和实时订阅：

use surrealdb_core_nightly as surreal;
use surreal::dbs::Session;
use surreal::kvs::Datastore;
use futures::StreamExt;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    // 1. 初始化内存数据库
    let ds = Datastore::new("memory").await?;
    let ses = Session::owner();
    
    // 2. 定义数据模型
    let schema = r#"
        DEFINE TABLE user SCHEMALESS;
        DEFINE TABLE article SCHEMALESS;
        DEFINE TABLE likes SCHEMALESS;
    "#;
    ds.execute(schema, &ses, None).await?;
    
    // 3. 创建测试数据
    let users = r#"
        CREATE user:john SET name = 'John Doe', age = 32, interests = ['Rust', 'Database'];
        CREATE user:jane SET name = 'Jane Smith', age = 28, interests = ['Rust', 'Web'];
    "#;
    ds.execute(users, &ses, None).await?;
    
    let articles = r#"
        CREATE article:rust1 SET 
            title = 'Getting Started with SurrealDB', 
            content = 'SurrealDB is a multi-model database...',
            tags = ['database', 'rust'];
        
        CREATE article:rust2 SET 
            title = 'Advanced Rust Techniques', 
            content = 'Learn advanced Rust programming...',
            tags = ['programming', 'rust'];
    "#;
    ds.execute(articles, &ses, None).await?;
    
    // 4. 建立关系数据
    let relations = r#"
        RELATE user:john->likes->article:rust1 SET score = 5;
        RELATE user:jane->likes->article:rust2 SET score = 4;
    "#;
    ds.execute(relations, &ses, None).await?;
    
    // 5. 复杂查询示例
    // 查询喜欢Rust文章的用户
    let query = r#"
        SELECT <-likes<-user.name AS liker, ->likes->article.title AS article 
        FROM article 
        WHERE tags CONTAINS 'rust'
    "#;
    let res = ds.execute(query, &ses, None).await?;
    println!("喜欢Rust文章的用户: {:?}", res);
    
    // 6. 实时数据订阅
    tokio::spawn(async move {
        let sql = "LIVE SELECT * FROM article";
        let mut stream = ds.execute(sql, &ses, None).await.unwrap().stream().unwrap();
        
        while let Some(res) = stream.next().await {
            match res {
                Ok(data) => println!("实时文章更新: {:?}", data),
                Err(e) => eprintln!("订阅错误: {}", e),
            }
        }
    });
    
    // 7. 模拟数据变更
    tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
    let update = "UPDATE article:rust1 SET views = 100";
    ds.execute(update, &ses, None).await?;
    
    Ok(())
}

存储引擎选项

# 使用内存存储（开发用）
surrealdb-core-nightly = { version = "0.1.0", features = ["kv-mem"] }

# 使用文件存储
surrealdb-core-nightly = { version = "0.1.0", features = ["kv-rocksdb"] }

# 使用TiKV分布式存储
surrealdb-core-nightly = { version = "0.1.0", features = ["kv-tikv"] }

注意事项

1. nightly版本可能包含不稳定API，生产环境建议使用稳定版本
2. 需要Rust nightly工具链
3. 完整功能可能需要启用额外的feature flag

SurrealDB Core为Rust应用提供了强大的嵌入式数据库解决方案，特别适合需要混合数据模型和实时功能的场景。