Rust区块链开发库near-primitives-core的使用，NEAR协议核心基础模块与智能合约底层功能实现

安装

在项目目录中运行以下Cargo命令：

cargo add near-primitives-core

或者在Cargo.toml中添加以下行：

near-primitives-core = "0.31.0"

基本使用示例

以下是使用near-primitives-core库的基本示例代码：

use near_primitives_core::{
    types::{AccountId, Balance},
    hash::CryptoHash,
    version::PROTOCOL_VERSION,
};

fn main() {
    // 创建账户ID
    let account_id: AccountId = "example.near".parse().unwrap();
    println!("Account ID: {}", account_id);
    
    // 创建余额
    let balance: Balance = 100_000_000_000_000_000_000_000; // 100 NEAR (1 NEAR = 1e24 yoctoNEAR)
    println!("Balance: {}", balance);
    
    // 生成加密哈希
    let hash = CryptoHash::default();
    println!("Default hash: {:?}", hash);
    
    // 获取协议版本
    println!("Protocol version: {}", PROTOCOL_VERSION);
}

高级功能示例

以下是一个更完整的示例，展示如何使用near-primitives-core进行交易构造和签名：

use near_primitives_core::{
    account::AccessKey,
    types::{AccountId, Balance, Gas},
    transaction::{Action, FunctionCallAction, Transaction},
    hash::CryptoHash,
};

fn construct_transaction(
    signer_id: AccountId,
    receiver_id: AccountId,
    public_key: Vec<u8>,
    nonce: u64,
    block_hash: CryptoHash,
) -> Transaction {
    // 创建函数调用动作
    let function_call = FunctionCallAction {
        method_name: "transfer".to_string(),
        args: b"{}".to_vec(),
        gas: Gas(100_000_000_000_000), // 100 TGas
        deposit: 1_000_000_000_000_000_000_000, // 1 NEAR
    };
    
    // 创建交易
    Transaction {
        signer_id,
        public_key,
        nonce,
        receiver_id,
        block_hash,
        actions: vec![Action::FunctionCall(function_call)],
    }
}

fn main() {
    let signer_id: AccountId = "sender.near".parse().unwrap();
    let receiver_id: AccountId = "receiver.near".parse().unwrap();
    let public_key = vec![1, 2, 3, 4]; // 实际应用中应使用真实的公钥
    let nonce = 1;
    let block_hash = CryptoHash::default();
    
    let transaction = construct_transaction(
        signer_id,
        receiver_id,
        public_key,
        nonce,
        block_hash,
    );
    
    println!("Constructed transaction: {:?}", transaction);
}

核心模块功能

near-primitives-core库提供了NEAR协议的核心基础模块，包括：

1. 账户系统：AccountId、AccessKey等类型
2. 交易处理：Transaction、Action等类型
3. 加密功能：CryptoHash、签名验证等
4. 协议版本：PROTOCOL_VERSION常量
5. 经济模型：Balance、Gas等类型

智能合约开发

以下是一个使用near-primitives-core与智能合约交互的示例：

use near_primitives_core::{
    types::{AccountId, Balance},
    contract::ContractCode,
    hash::CryptoHash,
};

fn deploy_contract(
    contract_account: AccountId,
    wasm_code: Vec<u8>,
    initial_balance: Balance,
) -> (AccountId, ContractCode, Balance) {
    let contract_code = ContractCode::new(wasm_code);
    (contract_account, contract_code, initial_balance)
}

fn main() {
    let contract_account: AccountId = "contract.near".parse().unwrap();
    let wasm_code = include_bytes!("../res/hello_near.wasm").to_vec();
    let initial_balance = 10_000_000_000_000_000_000_000; // 10 NEAR
    
    let (account, code, balance) = deploy_contract(
        contract_account,
        wasm_code,
        initial_balance,
    );
    
    println!(
        "Deployed contract {} with {} yoctoNEAR and {} bytes WASM code",
        account,
        balance,
        code.code().len()
    );
}

许可证

该项目采用双重许可：

• MIT许可证
• Apache-2.0许可证

注意事项

1. 在使用前请确保了解NEAR协议的基本概念
2. 实际开发中应使用适当的错误处理
3. 密钥管理应遵循安全最佳实践
4. 交易nonce应正确管理以防止重放攻击