Rust Solana智能合约开发库solana-builtins使用指南

完整示例demo

以下是一个完整的Solana智能合约示例，展示了solana-builtins库的主要功能：

//! 一个完整的Solana智能合约示例，使用solana-builtins库

use solana_builtins::{
    account_utils::check_account_owner,
    batch_processing::process_accounts_batch,
    error_handling::log_error,
    serialization::{pack, unpack},
    transfer_utils::safe_transfer,
};
use solana_program::{
    account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
    entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    msg,
    program_error::ProgramError,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    system_program,
};
use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};

// 定义合约状态数据结构
#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]
pub struct TokenAccount {
    pub balance: u64,
    pub owner: Pubkey,
    pub is_frozen: bool,
}

// 定义指令枚举
#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]
pub enum Instruction {
    InitializeAccount,
    Transfer { amount: u64 },
    FreezeAccount,
    BatchProcess,
}

// 程序入口点
entrypoint!(process_instruction);

// 主处理函数
pub fn process_instruction(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    // 解析指令
    let instruction = unpack::<Instruction>(instruction_data)?;

    match instruction {
        Instruction::InitializeAccount => initialize_account(program_id, accounts),
        Instruction::Transfer { amount } => transfer_funds(accounts, amount),
        Instruction::FreezeAccount => freeze_account(accounts),
        Instruction::BatchProcess => batch_process_accounts(accounts),
    }
}

// 初始化账户
fn initialize_account(program_id: &Pubkey, accounts: &[AccountInfo]) -> ProgramResult {
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
    let token_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    let owner_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    let system_program = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    // 验证账户所有者
    check_account_owner(token_account, &system_program::id())?;

    // 创建并存储初始账户数据
    let token_data = TokenAccount {
        balance: 0,
        owner: *owner_account.key,
        is_frozen: false,
    };
    pack(token_data, token_account)?;

    msg!("账户初始化成功");
    Ok(())
}

// 转账功能
fn transfer_funds(accounts: &[AccountInfo], amount: u64) -> ProgramResult {
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
    let from_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    let to_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    // 使用安全的转账函数
    safe_transfer(from_account, to_account, amount)?;

    msg!("转账成功: {} lamports", amount);
    Ok(())
}

// 冻结账户
fn freeze_account(accounts: &[AccountInfo]) -> ProgramResult {
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
    let token_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    let authority_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    // 解包账户数据
    let mut token_data = unpack::<TokenAccount>(token_account)?;

    // 验证权限
    if token_data.owner != *authority_account.key {
        return Err(ProgramError::InvalidAccountData);
    }

    // 更新状态
    token_data.is_frozen = true;
    pack(token_data, token_account)?;

    msg!("账户已冻结");
    Ok(())
}

// 批量处理账户
fn batch_process_accounts(accounts: &[AccountInfo]) -> ProgramResult {
    // 使用批量处理功能
    process_accounts_batch(accounts, |account| {
        let result = process_single_account(account);
        // 使用带日志的错误处理
        log_error(result, "处理账户失败")?;
        Ok(())
    })
}

// 处理单个账户
fn process_single_account(account: &AccountInfo) -> ProgramResult {
    // 使用性能测量工具
    measure_execution_time!("process_single_account", {
        // 解包账户数据
        let mut token_data = unpack::<TokenAccount>(account)?;
        
        // 简单的业务逻辑: 如果不是冻结状态则增加余额
        if !token_data.is_frozen {
            token_data.balance = token_data.balance.saturating_add(1);
            pack(token_data, account)?;
        }
        
        Ok(())
    })
}

示例项目结构

my_token_program/
├── Cargo.toml
└── src/
    ├── lib.rs          # 主程序入口(包含上面的代码)
    ├── processor.rs    # 业务逻辑处理
    ├── state.rs        # 状态定义(TokenAccount等)
    ├── error.rs        # 自定义错误
    └── instruction.rs  # 指令处理(Instruction枚举)

Cargo.toml 示例

[package]
name = "my_token_program"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "A sample Solana program using solana-builtins"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
solana-builtins = "0.4"
solana-program = "1.14"
borsh = "0.9"

这个完整示例展示了如何使用solana-builtins库开发一个功能完整的Solana智能合约，包括：

1. 账户初始化和验证
2. 安全资金转账
3. 数据序列化/反序列化
4. 批量账户处理
5. 错误处理
6. 性能测量
7. 完整的项目结构

开发时请参考最佳实践部分，确保使用库提供的安全模式和优化工具。