Rust区块链开发库cosmrs使用指南

概述

cosmrs是一个用于Cosmos SDK生态系统的Rust开发库，提供了高效安全的区块链开发工具，特别适合构建与Cosmos网络交互的应用程序和智能合约。

主要特性

• 完整的Cosmos SDK功能支持
• 类型安全的API设计
• 异步/等待支持
• 交易构建与签名
• 智能合约交互
• 轻客户端功能
• 跨链通信(IBC)支持

安装方法

在Cargo.toml中添加依赖：

[dependencies]
cosmrs = "0.8"
tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }

基本使用示例

1. 创建客户端连接

use cosmrs::{rpc, AccountId};
use tokio::runtime::Runtime;

async fn connect_to_chain() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let rpc_url = "https://rpc.cosmos.network:443";
    let client = rpc::HttpClient::new(rpc_url)?;
    
    let status = client.status().await?;
    println!("Chain ID: {}", status.node_info.network);
    
    Ok(())
}

fn main() {
    Runtime::new().unwrap().block_on(connect_to_chain()).unwrap();
}

2. 查询账户余额

use cosmrs::{AccountId, bank::QueryBalanceRequest};

async fn get_balance(client: &rpc::HttpClient, address: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let account_id: AccountId = address.parse()?;
    let request = QueryBalanceRequest {
        address: account_id,
        denom: "uatom".to_string(),
    };
    
    let balance = client.bank_balance(request).await?;
    println!("Balance: {:?}", balance);
    
    Ok(())
}

3. 构建并发送交易

use cosmrs::{tx::{MsgSend, Fee}, crypto::secp256k1, AccountId, Coin, Tx};

async fn send_tokens(
    client: &rpc::HttpClient,
    from: &str,
    to: &str,
    amount: u64,
    priv_key: &[u8],
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let from_account: AccountId = from.parse()?;
    let to_account: AccountId = to.parse()?;
    
    // 构建消息
    let msg = MsgSend {
        from_address: from_account,
        to_address: to_account,
        amount: vec![Coin {
            denom: "uatom".to_string(),
            amount: amount.into(),
        }],
    };
    
    // 创建交易
    let fee = Fee {
        amount: vec![Coin {
            denom: "uatom".to_string(),
            amount极抱歉，我理解了您的需求。我将直接输出您提供的内容中的示例代码，然后给出一个完整的Demo示例。

## 完整Demo示例

以下是一个完整的cosmrs使用示例，包含连接区块链、查询余额、发送交易和与智能合约交互的全流程：

```rust
use cosmrs::{
    bank::QueryBalanceRequest,
    cosmwasm::MsgExecuteContract,
    crypto::secp256k1,
    rpc,
    tx::{Fee, MsgSend, Tx},
    AccountId, Coin,
};
use tokio::runtime::Runtime;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    // 1. 创建客户端连接
    let rpc_url = "https://rpc.cosmos.network:443";
    let client = rpc::HttpClient::new(rpc_url)?;
    
    // 获取链状态
    let status = client.status().await?;
    println!("Connected to chain: {}", status.node_info.network);
    
    // 2. 查询账户余额
    let address = "cosmos1exampleaddress";
    let account_id: AccountId = address.parse()?;
    let balance_request = QueryBalanceRequest {
        address: account_id.clone(),
        denom: "uatom".to_string(),
    };
    
    let balance = client.bank_balance(balance_request).await?;
    println!("Account balance: {:?}", balance);
    
    // 3. 发送交易
    let priv_key = hex::decode("your_private_key_hex")?;
    let to_address = "cosmos1recipientaddress";
    
    send_tokens(
        &client,
        address,
        to_address,
        1000000, // 1 ATOM (1 ATOM = 1,000,000 uatom)
        &priv_key,
    )
    .await?;
    
    // 4. 与智能合约交互
    let contract_address = "cosmos1contractaddress";
    let execute_msg = r#"{"transfer":{"amount":"1000","recipient":"cosmos1recipient"}}"#;
    
    execute_contract(&client, address, contract_address, execute_msg, &priv_key).await?;
    
    Ok(())
}

async fn send_tokens(
    client: &rpc::HttpClient,
    from: &str,
    to: &str,
    amount: u64,
    priv_key: &[u8],
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let from_account: AccountId = from.parse()?;
    let to_account: AccountId = to.parse()?;
    
    // 构建转账消息
    let msg = MsgSend {
        from_address: from_account.clone(),
        to_address: to_account,
        amount: vec![Coin {
            denom: "uatom".to_string(),
            amount: amount.into(),
        }],
    };
    
    // 设置交易费用
    let fee = Fee {
        amount: vec![Coin {
            denom: "uatom".to_string(),
            amount: 2000u64.into(),
        }],
        gas_limit: 200000,
        payer: None,
        granter: None,
    };
    
    // 构建交易
    let tx = Tx::new(vec![msg.into()], fee, "".to_string());
    
    // 签名交易
    let priv_key = secp256k1::SigningKey::from_bytes(priv_key)?;
    let signed_tx = tx.sign(&priv_key, from_account)?;
    
    // 广播交易
    let response = client.broadcast_tx(signed_tx).await?;
    println!("Transaction successful! Hash: {}", response.tx_hash);
    
    Ok(())
}

async fn execute_contract(
    client: &rpc::HttpClient,
    sender: &str,
    contract: &str,
    msg: &str,
    priv_key: &[u8],
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let sender_account: AccountId = sender.parse()?;
    let contract_account: AccountId = contract.parse()?;
    
    // 构建合约执行消息
    let execute_msg = MsgExecuteContract {
        sender: sender_account.clone(),
        contract: contract_account,
        msg: msg.as_bytes().to_vec(),
        funds: vec![],
    };
    
    // 设置交易费用
    let fee = Fee {
        amount: vec![Coin {
            denom: "uatom".to_string(),
            amount: 2000u64.into(),
        }],
        gas_limit: 300000, // 合约交互通常需要更多gas
        payer: None,
        granter: None,
    };
    
    // 构建交易
    let tx = Tx::new(vec![execute_msg.into()], fee, "".to_string());
    
    // 签名交易
    let priv_key = secp256k1::SigningKey::from_bytes(priv_key)?;
    let signed_tx = tx.sign(&priv_key, sender_account)?;
    
    // 广播交易
    let response = client.broadcast_tx(signed_tx).await?;
    println!("Contract execution successful! Hash: {}", response.tx_hash);
    
    Ok(())
}

使用说明

1. 将代码中的地址和私钥替换为您自己的
2. 根据需要调整交易金额和gas费用
3. 智能合约交互消息需要根据具体合约的接口进行调整
4. 生产环境中务必妥善保管私钥，不要硬编码在代码中

这个完整示例展示了cosmrs库的主要功能，包括连接区块链网络、查询账户信息、发送代币交易以及与智能合约交互的全过程。