Rust蓝牙低功耗(BLE)开发库btleplug使用指南

完整示例代码

下面是一个完整的btleplug使用示例，整合了设备扫描、连接、读写特征值和订阅通知等功能：

use btleplug::api::{Central, CentralEvent, Manager as _, Peripheral, ScanFilter, WriteType};
use btleplug::platform::{Adapter, Manager, Peripheral as BtlePeripheral};
use futures::stream::StreamExt;
use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};
use std::error::Error;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    // 1. 初始化适配器
    let manager = Manager::new().await?;
    let adapter = manager.adapters().await?.into_iter().nth(0).ok_or("没有可用的蓝牙适配器")?;
    println!("使用适配器: {}", adapter.adapter_info().await?);

    // 2. 扫描设备
    scan_devices(&adapter).await?;

    // 3. 连接设备
    let device = connect_to_device(&adapter).await?;
    
    // 4. 发现服务
    device.discover_services().await?;
    
    // 5. 读取特征值
    if let Some(char) = find_readable_characteristic(&device) {
        let value = device.read(&char).await?;
        println!("读取到特征值: {:?}", value);
    }
    
    // 6. 写入特征值
    if let Some(char) = find_writable_characteristic(&device) {
        let data = vec![0x01, 0x02];
        device.write(&char, &data, WriteType::WithoutResponse).await?;
        println!("写入特征值成功");
    }
    
    // 7. 订阅通知
    if let Some(char) = find_notifiable_characteristic(&device) {
        subscribe_notifications(&device, &char).await?;
        sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
    }
    
    // 8. 断开连接
    device.disconnect().await?;
    Ok(())
}

async fn scan_devices(adapter: &Adapter) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    println!("开始扫描BLE设备...");
    adapter.start_scan(ScanFilter::default()).await?;
    sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
    adapter.stop_scan().await?;
    
    let devices = adapter.peripherals().await?;
    for device in devices {
        let props = device.properties().await?;
        println!("发现设备: {:?}, RSSI: {:?}", props.local_name, props.rssi);
    }
    Ok(())
}

async fn connect_to_device(adapter: &Adapter) -> Result<BtlePeripheral, Box<dyn Error>> {
    let devices = adapter.peripherals().await?;
    let device = devices.first().ok_or("没有发现设备")?;
    
    if !device.is_connected().await? {
        device.connect().await?;
        println!("已连接到设备");
    }
    Ok(device.clone())
}

fn find_readable_characteristic(device: &BtlePeripheral) -> Option<btleplug::api::Characteristic> {
    device.services()
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|service| &service.characteristics)
        .find(|c| c.properties.read)
        .cloned()
}

fn find_writable_characteristic(device: &BtlePeripheral) -> Option<btleplug::api::Characteristic> {
    device.services()
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|service| &service.characteristics)
        .find(|c| c.properties.write)
        .cloned()
}

fn find_notifiable_characteristic(device: &BtlePeripheral) -> Option<btleplug::api::Characteristic> {
    device.services()
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|service| &service.characteristics)
        .find(|c| c.properties.notify)
        .cloned()
}

async fn subscribe_notifications(device: &BtlePeripheral, characteristic: &btleplug::api::Characteristic) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    device.subscribe(characteristic).await?;
    
    let mut notification_stream = device.notifications().await?;
    tokio::spawn(async move {
        while let Some(data) = notification_stream.next().await {
            println!("收到通知: {:?}", data.value);
        }
    });
    
    Ok(())
}

代码说明

1. 初始化适配器：通过Manager获取系统蓝牙适配器
2. 扫描设备：扫描5秒并打印发现的BLE设备信息
3. 连接设备：连接到第一个发现的设备
4. 发现服务：发现设备提供的所有服务
5. 读取特征值：查找并读取第一个可读特征的值
6. 写入特征值：查找并写入第一个可写特征
7. 订阅通知：查找并订阅第一个支持通知的特征
8. 断开连接：最后断开设备连接

使用说明

1. 将上述代码保存为main.rs
2. 确保Cargo.toml中包含正确的依赖：

[dependencies]
btleplug = "0.10"
tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
futures = "0.3"

1. 根据平台安装必要依赖：

   • Linux: sudo apt-get install libbluetooth-dev bluez
   • 其他平台请参考前面的平台注意事项

2. 运行程序：cargo run

这个完整示例演示了btleplug库的主要功能，包括设备发现、连接管理、数据读写和通知处理，可以作为开发BLE应用的起点。