使用结构体建模服务器端点时遇到问题 - Golang求助

这是一个合理的建模方式，但可以通过接口和泛型来改进。以下是两种更优雅的解决方案：

方案一：使用接口和类型断言

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

type Endpoint struct {
	NeedsAuthentication bool
	Uri                 string
	Payload             interface{}
}

type RefreshPayload struct {
	RefreshToken string
}

type LoginPayload struct {
	Username string
	Password string
}

func (e Endpoint) GetRefreshPayload() (RefreshPayload, bool) {
	payload, ok := e.Payload.(RefreshPayload)
	return payload, ok
}

func (e Endpoint) GetLoginPayload() (LoginPayload, bool) {
	payload, ok := e.Payload.(LoginPayload)
	return payload, ok
}

func main() {
	refreshEndpoint := Endpoint{
		NeedsAuthentication: false,
		Uri:                 "/refresh",
		Payload: RefreshPayload{RefreshToken: "xxx"},
	}
	
	loginEndpoint := Endpoint{
		NeedsAuthentication: false,
		Uri:                 "/login",
		Payload: LoginPayload{Username: "user", Password: "pass"},
	}
	
	if payload, ok := refreshEndpoint.GetRefreshPayload(); ok {
		fmt.Printf("URI: %s, RefreshToken: %s\n", refreshEndpoint.Uri, payload.RefreshToken)
	}
	
	if payload, ok := loginEndpoint.GetLoginPayload(); ok {
		fmt.Printf("URI: %s, Username: %s\n", loginEndpoint.Uri, payload.Username)
	}
}

方案二：使用Go 1.18+泛型（推荐）

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

type Endpoint[T any] struct {
	NeedsAuthentication bool
	Uri                 string
	Payload             T
}

type RefreshPayload struct {
	RefreshToken string
}

type LoginPayload struct {
	Username string
	Password string
}

// 泛型处理器示例
func HandleEndpoint[T any](endpoint Endpoint[T]) {
	fmt.Printf("处理端点: %s\n", endpoint.Uri)
	fmt.Printf("需要认证: %v\n", endpoint.NeedsAuthentication)
	
	// 可以直接访问特定类型的Payload
	_ = endpoint.Payload
}

// 类型特定的处理
func HandleRefresh(endpoint Endpoint[RefreshPayload]) {
	fmt.Printf("刷新令牌: %s\n", endpoint.Payload.RefreshToken)
}

func HandleLogin(endpoint Endpoint[LoginPayload]) {
	fmt.Printf("用户名: %s\n", endpoint.Payload.Username)
}

func main() {
	refreshEndpoint := Endpoint[RefreshPayload]{
		NeedsAuthentication: false,
		Uri:                 "/refresh",
		Payload: RefreshPayload{RefreshToken: "xxx"},
	}
	
	loginEndpoint := Endpoint[LoginPayload]{
		NeedsAuthentication: false,
		Uri:                 "/login",
		Payload: LoginPayload{Username: "user", Password: "pass"},
	}
	
	// 直接访问，无需嵌套
	fmt.Printf("刷新端点URI: %s, 令牌: %s\n", 
		refreshEndpoint.Uri, 
		refreshEndpoint.Payload.RefreshToken)
	
	fmt.Printf("登录端点URI: %s, 用户: %s\n", 
		loginEndpoint.Uri, 
		loginEndpoint.Payload.Username)
	
	// 使用泛型处理器
	HandleEndpoint(refreshEndpoint)
	HandleEndpoint(loginEndpoint)
	
	// 使用类型特定处理器
	HandleRefresh(refreshEndpoint)
	HandleLogin(loginEndpoint)
}

方案三：组合方法提升

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

type Endpoint struct {
	NeedsAuthentication bool
	Uri                 string
}

type RefreshEndpoint struct {
	Endpoint
	Payload RefreshPayload
}

type LoginEndpoint struct {
	Endpoint
	Payload LoginPayload
}

type RefreshPayload struct {
	RefreshToken string
}

type LoginPayload struct {
	Username string
	Password string
}

// 为所有嵌入Endpoint的结构体提供统一访问
func (e Endpoint) GetURI() string {
	return e.Uri
}

func (e Endpoint) NeedsAuth() bool {
	return e.NeedsAuthentication
}

// 类型特定的方法
func (e RefreshEndpoint) GetRefreshToken() string {
	return e.Payload.RefreshToken
}

func (e LoginEndpoint) GetCredentials() (string, string) {
	return e.Payload.Username, e.Payload.Password
}

func main() {
	refreshEndpoint := RefreshEndpoint{
		Endpoint: Endpoint{NeedsAuthentication: false, Uri: "/refresh"},
		Payload:  RefreshPayload{RefreshToken: "xxx"},
	}
	
	loginEndpoint := LoginEndpoint{
		Endpoint: Endpoint{NeedsAuthentication: false, Uri: "/login"},
		Payload:  LoginPayload{Username: "user", Password: "pass"},
	}
	
	// 简洁的访问方式
	fmt.Printf("刷新端点: %s, 令牌: %s\n", 
		refreshEndpoint.GetURI(), 
		refreshEndpoint.GetRefreshToken())
	
	fmt.Printf("登录端点: %s, 用户: %s\n", 
		loginEndpoint.GetURI(), 
		loginEndpoint.Payload.Username)
	
	// 统一处理不同端点的示例
	endpoints := []interface{}{refreshEndpoint, loginEndpoint}
	for _, ep := range endpoints {
		switch e := ep.(type) {
		case RefreshEndpoint:
			fmt.Printf("处理刷新端点: %s\n", e.GetRefreshToken())
		case LoginEndpoint:
			user, _ := e.GetCredentials()
			fmt.Printf("处理登录端点: %s\n", user)
		}
	}
}

泛型方案最简洁，它提供了类型安全且无需类型断言。如果使用Go 1.18+，推荐方案二；如果使用旧版本，方案三的组合方法提升是不错的选择。