Python中如何使用requests库获取数据？

import requests

# 基本GET请求
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
print(response.text)  # 获取响应文本
print(response.json())  # 如果返回JSON可直接解析

# 带参数的GET请求
params = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/search', params=params)

# POST请求发送表单数据
data = {'username': 'test', 'password': 'secret'}
response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/login', data=data)

# POST请求发送JSON数据
json_data = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}
response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/users', json=json_data)

# 设置请求头
headers = {'User-Agent': 'my-app/1.0'}
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com', headers=headers)

# 处理响应状态
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com')
if response.status_code == 200:
    print("请求成功")
    data = response.json()
else:
    print(f"请求失败，状态码：{response.status_code}")

# 设置超时（秒）
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com', timeout=5)

# 处理异常
try:
    response = requests.get('https://api.example.com', timeout=5)
    response.raise_for_status()  # 如果状态码不是200，抛出异常
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    print(f"请求出错：{e}")

核心就这几步：导包、发请求、处理响应。记得先pip install requests安装库。

总结：掌握这几个基本方法就能应对大部分数据获取场景。