Python文件批量重命名小工具的实现与分享

import os
import re
from pathlib import Path
from datetime import datetime

class BatchRenamer:
    def __init__(self, directory):
        self.directory = Path(directory)
        if not self.directory.exists():
            raise FileNotFoundError(f"目录不存在: {directory}")
    
    def rename_by_pattern(self, pattern, replacement, use_regex=False):
        """按模式重命名"""
        renamed_files = []
        
        for file_path in self.directory.iterdir():
            if file_path.is_file():
                old_name = file_path.name
                
                if use_regex:
                    try:
                        new_name = re.sub(pattern, replacement, old_name)
                    except re.error:
                        continue
                else:
                    new_name = old_name.replace(pattern, replacement)
                
                if new_name != old_name:
                    new_path = file_path.parent / new_name
                    # 避免文件名冲突
                    counter = 1
                    while new_path.exists():
                        stem = Path(new_name).stem
                        suffix = Path(new_name).suffix
                        new_name = f"{stem}_{counter}{suffix}"
                        new_path = file_path.parent / new_name
                        counter += 1
                    
                    file_path.rename(new_path)
                    renamed_files.append((old_name, new_name))
        
        return renamed_files
    
    def add_prefix_suffix(self, prefix="", suffix=""):
        """添加前后缀"""
        renamed_files = []
        
        for file_path in self.directory.iterdir():
            if file_path.is_file():
                old_name = file_path.name
                stem = file_path.stem
                ext = file_path.suffix
                new_name = f"{prefix}{stem}{suffix}{ext}"
                
                if new_name != old_name:
                    new_path = file_path.parent / new_name
                    # 处理重名
                    counter = 1
                    while new_path.exists():
                        new_name = f"{prefix}{stem}{suffix}_{counter}{ext}"
                        new_path = file_path.parent / new_name
                        counter += 1
                    
                    file_path.rename(new_path)
                    renamed_files.append((old_name, new_name))
        
        return renamed_files
    
    def sequential_rename(self, base_name, start_num=1, digits=3):
        """顺序重命名"""
        renamed_files = []
        files = sorted([f for f in self.directory.iterdir() if f.is_file()])
        
        for i, file_path in enumerate(files, start=start_num):
            old_name = file_path.name
            ext = file_path.suffix
            num_str = str(i).zfill(digits)
            new_name = f"{base_name}_{num_str}{ext}"
            
            new_path = file_path.parent / new_name
            # 直接覆盖式重命名，因为我们是按顺序处理的
            file_path.rename(new_path)
            renamed_files.append((old_name, new_name))
        
        return renamed_files
    
    def change_extension(self, new_ext):
        """修改文件扩展名"""
        if not new_ext.startswith("."):
            new_ext = "." + new_ext
        
        renamed_files = []
        
        for file_path in self.directory.iterdir():
            if file_path.is_file():
                old_name = file_path.name
                stem = file_path.stem
                new_name = f"{stem}{new_ext}"
                
                if new_name != old_name:
                    new_path = file_path.parent / new_name
                    counter = 1
                    while new_path.exists():
                        new_name = f"{stem}_{counter}{new_ext}"
                        new_path = file_path.parent / new_name
                        counter += 1
                    
                    file_path.rename(new_path)
                    renamed_files.append((old_name, new_name))
        
        return renamed_files

# 使用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 初始化重命名器
    renamer = BatchRenamer("./test_files")
    
    # 示例1: 替换文件名中的特定文本
    print("替换操作:")
    result = renamer.rename_by_pattern("old_", "new_")
    for old, new in result:
        print(f"  {old} -> {new}")
    
    # 示例2: 添加前后缀
    print("\n添加前后缀:")
    result = renamer.add_prefix_suffix(prefix="pre_", suffix="_suf")
    for old, new in result:
        print(f"  {old} -> {new}")
    
    # 示例3: 顺序重命名
    print("\n顺序重命名:")
    result = renamer.sequential_rename("document", start_num=1, digits=4)
    for old, new in result:
        print(f"  {old} -> {new}")
    
    # 示例4: 修改扩展名
    print("\n修改扩展名:")
    result = renamer.change_extension(".txt")
    for old, new in result:
        print(f"  {old} -> {new}")
    
    # 示例5: 使用正则表达式
    print("\n使用正则表达式:")
    result = renamer.rename_by_pattern(r"\d+", "NUM", use_regex=True)
    for old, new in result:
        print(f"  {old} -> {new}")

这个批量重命名工具提供了几种常见的重命名方式：模式替换、添加前后缀、顺序编号、修改扩展名，还支持正则表达式。核心是BatchRenamer类，每个方法都返回重命名前后的文件名列表方便查看结果。代码处理了文件名冲突的情况，避免覆盖现有文件。

用的时候先创建BatchRenamer对象指定目录，然后调用对应的方法就行。记得在实际使用前最好先备份文件，或者在测试目录里试一下。

简单说就是：按需调用对应方法，注意先备份。

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