Python爬虫使用Chrome时如何在正常退出时同时关闭Chrome.exe进程？

import atexit
import os
import signal
import subprocess
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

class ChromeDriverWithCleanup:
    def __init__(self, chrome_driver_path='chromedriver.exe', chrome_path=None):
        self.chrome_driver_path = chrome_driver_path
        self.chrome_path = chrome_path
        self.driver = None
        self.chrome_process = None
        
    def start(self):
        """启动Chrome并设置退出清理"""
        chrome_options = Options()
        
        # 禁用GPU加速和沙箱，减少进程残留
        chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
        chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
        
        # 使用远程调试端口，方便后续关闭
        chrome_options.add_argument('--remote-debugging-port=9222')
        
        # 如果指定了Chrome路径
        if self.chrome_path:
            chrome_options.binary_location = self.chrome_path
        
        # 创建服务
        service = Service(executable_path=self.chrome_driver_path)
        
        # 启动浏览器
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)
        
        # 获取Chrome进程ID（Windows）
        if os.name == 'nt':
            self._get_chrome_process_windows()
        
        # 注册退出清理函数
        atexit.register(self.cleanup)
        
        return self.driver
    
    def _get_chrome_process_windows(self):
        """Windows系统获取Chrome进程信息"""
        try:
            import psutil
            current_pid = os.getpid()
            
            # 查找Chrome进程
            for proc in psutil.process_iter(['pid', 'name', 'ppid']):
                try:
                    if 'chrome' in proc.info['name'].lower() and proc.info['ppid'] == current_pid:
                        self.chrome_process = proc
                        break
                except (psutil.NoSuchProcess, psutil.AccessDenied):
                    continue
        except ImportError:
            print("建议安装psutil库以更精确管理进程: pip install psutil")
    
    def cleanup(self):
        """清理函数，关闭浏览器和进程"""
        if self.driver:
            try:
                # 1. 先尝试正常关闭driver
                self.driver.quit()
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"正常关闭driver时出错: {e}")
            
            # 2. 强制终止进程（Windows）
            if os.name == 'nt' and self.chrome_process:
                try:
                    os.kill(self.chrome_process.pid, signal.SIGTERM)
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"终止进程时出错: {e}")
            
            # 3. 通用清理命令
            self._kill_chrome_processes()
            
            # 4. 确保driver引用被清除
            self.driver = None
    
    def _kill_chrome_processes(self):
        """通用方法终止Chrome进程"""
        try:
            if os.name == 'nt':  # Windows
                os.system('taskkill /f /im chrome.exe >nul 2>&1')
            else:  # Linux/Mac
                os.system('pkill -f chrome >/dev/null 2>&1')
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"清理Chrome进程时出错: {e}")
    
    def __enter__(self):
        """上下文管理器入口"""
        return self.start()
    
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        """上下文管理器退出"""
        self.cleanup()

# 使用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 方法1：使用上下文管理器（推荐）
    with ChromeDriverWithCleanup() as driver:
        driver.get("https://www.example.com")
        print("页面标题:", driver.title)
        # 执行爬虫操作...
        time.sleep(2)
    # 退出with块时自动清理
    
    # 方法2：手动管理
    chrome_manager = ChromeDriverWithCleanup(
        chrome_driver_path='chromedriver.exe',
        chrome_path=r'C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'
    )
    
    driver = chrome_manager.start()
    try:
        driver.get("https://www.example.com")
        # 执行爬虫操作...
    finally:
        chrome_manager.cleanup()

核心方案：使用atexit注册退出钩子，结合driver.quit()和进程强制终止。

总结建议：用上下文管理器确保浏览器进程总被清理。

有些 chrome 的进程是 它的后台进程, 你不用管那么多, quit 就行了