HarmonyOS 鸿蒙Next文字转语音TTS功能如何实现？语音合成开发指南

解决方案

1. 完整实现代码

import { textToSpeech } from '@kit.CoreSpeechKit'
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

@Entry
@Component
struct TTSPage {
  @State inputText: string = '你好，欢迎使用语音合成功能'
  @State isSpeaking: boolean = false
  @State statusText: string = '准备就绪'
  @State speed: number = 1.0
  @State volume: number = 1.0

  private ttsEngine: textToSpeech.TextToSpeechEngine | null = null

  aboutToAppear(): void {
    this.initTTSEngine()
  }

  aboutToDisappear(): void {
    this.releaseEngine()
  }

  // 初始化TTS引擎
  async initTTSEngine(): Promise<void> {
    const extraParams: Record<string, Object> = {
      "style": "interaction-broadcast",
      "locate": "CN",
      "name": "zh-CN-female-1"
    }
   
    const initParams: textToSpeech.CreateEngineParams = {
      language: 'zh-CN',
      person: 0,  // 0: 女声, 1: 男声
      online: 1,  // 1: 在线, 0: 离线
      extraParams: extraParams
    }
   
    try {
      this.ttsEngine = await textToSpeech.createEngine(initParams)
      this.setListener()
      this.statusText = '引擎初始化成功'
    } catch (err) {
      const error = err as BusinessError
      console.error(`TTS引擎初始化失败: ${error.code} - ${error.message}`)
      this.statusText = '初始化失败'
    }
  }

  // 设置播放回调
  setListener(): void {
    if (!this.ttsEngine) return
   
    const listener: textToSpeech.SpeakListener = {
      onStart: (requestId: string, response: textToSpeech.StartResponse) => {
        this.isSpeaking = true
        this.statusText = '正在播放...'
      },
      onProgress: (requestId: string, progress: number, info: textToSpeech.ProgressInfo) => {
        // 播放进度回调
      },
      onFinish: (requestId: string, response: textToSpeech.FinishResponse) => {
        this.isSpeaking = false
        this.statusText = '播放完成'
      },
      onStop: (requestId: string, response: textToSpeech.StopResponse) => {
        this.isSpeaking = false
        this.statusText = '已停止'
      },
      onError: (requestId: string, errorCode: number, errorMessage: string) => {
        this.isSpeaking = false
        this.statusText = `错误: ${errorMessage}`
        console.error(`TTS错误: ${errorCode} - ${errorMessage}`)
      }
    }
   
    this.ttsEngine.setListener(listener)
  }

  // 开始播放
  startSpeak(): void {
    if (!this.ttsEngine || this.isSpeaking || !this.inputText) return
   
    const speakParams: textToSpeech.SpeakParams = {
      requestId: Date.now().toString(),
      extraParams: {
        "speed": this.speed,
        "volume": this.volume,
        "pitch": 1.0,
        "languageContext": "zh-CN",
        "audioType": "pcm"
      }
    }
   
    try {
      this.ttsEngine.speak(this.inputText, speakParams)
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('播放失败:', err)
    }
  }

  // 停止播放
  stopSpeak(): void {
    if (!this.ttsEngine || !this.isSpeaking) return
   
    try {
      this.ttsEngine.stop()
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('停止失败:', err)
    }
  }

  // 释放引擎
  releaseEngine(): void {
    if (this.ttsEngine) {
      try {
        this.ttsEngine.shutdown()
        this.ttsEngine = null
      } catch (err) {
        console.error('释放引擎失败:', err)
      }
    }
  }

  build() {
    Column({ space: 16 }) {
      // 状态显示
      Text(this.statusText)
        .fontSize(14)
        .fontColor($r('app.color.text_secondary'))
     
      // 文本输入
      TextArea({ text: this.inputText })
        .onChange((value: string) => {
          this.inputText = value
        })
        .height(150)
        .backgroundColor($r('app.color.surface'))
        .borderRadius(12)
        .padding(12)
     
      // 语速控制
      Row() {
        Text('语速')
          .fontSize(14)
          .fontColor($r('app.color.text_primary'))
          .width(60)
        Slider({
          value: this.speed,
          min: 0.5,
          max: 2.0,
          step: 0.1
        })
          .onChange((value: number) => {
            this.speed = value
          })
          .layoutWeight(1)
        Text(this.speed.toFixed(1))
          .fontSize(14)
          .width(40)
      }
      .width('100%')
     
      // 音量控制
      Row() {
        Text('音量')
          .fontSize(14)
          .fontColor($r('app.color.text_primary'))
          .width(60)
        Slider({
          value: this.volume,
          min: 0.1,
          max: 1.0,
          step: 0.1
        })
          .onChange((value: number) => {
            this.volume = value
          })
          .layoutWeight(1)
        Text(this.volume.toFixed(1))
          .fontSize(14)
          .width(40)
      }
      .width('100%')
     
      // 控制按钮
      Row({ space: 16 }) {
        Button(this.isSpeaking ? '停止' : '播放')
          .width(120)
          .height(44)
          .backgroundColor(this.isSpeaking ? '#ef4444' : '#36e27b')
          .onClick(() => {
            if (this.isSpeaking) {
              this.stopSpeak()
            } else {
              this.startSpeak()
            }
          })
      }
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .padding(16)
    .backgroundColor($r('app.color.background'))
  }
}

2. 关键参数说明

3. 切换发音人

async switchVoice(person: number): Promise<void> {
  this.releaseEngine()

  const initParams: textToSpeech.CreateEngineParams = {
    language: 'zh-CN',
    person: person,  // 0: 女声, 1: 男声
    online: 1,
    extraParams: {
      "style": "interaction-broadcast",
      "locate": "CN"
    }
  }

  this.ttsEngine = await textToSpeech.createEngine(initParams)
  this.setListener()
}