Python中如何识别和解析post请求内容的编码格式？
最近再用 python 学习爬虫，网络这块儿学的好费力……言归正传，用嗅探器对目标网页进行分析，发现 post 中呈现如下类容 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实在太长，都没有完全发出，受发布限制发不出来，简直崩溃，前面可以看出是 url 编码，解码出来时“日报”，后面这一长串不知道是什么，utf-8 解码出现一大串数字，简直崩溃，问问各位大神后面这一坨是什么东西，拜谢
Python中如何识别和解析post请求内容的编码格式？
import cgi
from io import BytesIO
def detect_post_encoding(environ):
"""
检测POST请求的编码格式
environ: WSGI environ字典，包含请求信息
返回: (content_type, charset) 元组
"""
# 方法1: 从Content-Type头部直接解析
content_type = environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '')
# 使用cgi模块解析Content-Type
parsed = cgi.parse_header(content_type)
mime_type = parsed[0]
params = parsed[1]
# 获取charset参数
charset = params.get('charset', None)
# 方法2: 如果没有明确指定charset，尝试从内容推断
if not charset and 'CONTENT_LENGTH' in environ:
try:
content_length = int(environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'])
if content_length > 0:
# 读取请求体
wsgi_input = environ['wsgi.input']
body = wsgi_input.read(content_length)
# 重置文件指针位置（重要！）
wsgi_input.seek(0)
# 尝试常见编码
for test_charset in ['utf-8', 'gbk', 'gb2312', 'latin-1']:
try:
body.decode(test_charset)
charset = test_charset
break
except UnicodeDecodeError:
continue
except (ValueError, KeyError):
pass
return mime_type, charset or 'utf-8' # 默认utf-8
# 使用示例（在WSGI应用中）
def application(environ, start_response):
if environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST':
mime_type, charset = detect_post_encoding(environ)
# 根据编码读取数据
content_length = int(environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH', 0))
if content_length > 0:
body = environ['wsgi.input'].read(content_length)
if mime_type == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded':
# 解析表单数据
from urllib.parse import parse_qs
data = parse_qs(body.decode(charset))
elif mime_type == 'application/json':
# 解析JSON数据
import json
data = json.loads(body.decode(charset))
elif mime_type.startswith('multipart/form-data'):
# 处理文件上传
from cgi import FieldStorage
data = FieldStorage(
fp=BytesIO(body),
environ=environ,
keep_blank_values=True
)
else:
# 其他类型按文本处理
data = body.decode(charset)
# ... 处理data ...
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
return [b'OK']
# Flask/Django中的简化版本
from flask import request
def flask_detect_encoding():
"""在Flask中检测编码"""
charset = request.content_type.params.get('charset', None)
if not charset:
# 尝试推断
if request.data:
for test_charset in ['utf-8', 'gbk', 'gb2312']:
try:
request.data.decode(test_charset)
charset = test_charset
break
except UnicodeDecodeError:
continue
return charset or request.charset or 'utf-8'
核心要点：
- 优先从Content-Type头获取：
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 - 备选编码推断：当未指定时，按常见编码顺序尝试解码
- 框架集成：Flask/Django等框架已封装，可直接用
request.charset - 二进制安全：处理文件上传时使用BytesIO
简单总结：先解析头部，再尝试常见编码。
