HarmonyOS 鸿蒙Next 如何使用首选项实现持久化

参考demo:

import { promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI';
import { preferences } from '@kit.ArkData';
let context = getContext(this);
let preference: preferences.Preferences;
let preferenceTemp: preferences.Preferences;
// 对象类
export class ImageModel {
  constructor(id: string, tokenInfo: string, imgInfo: string, urlInfo: string) {
    this.id = id
    this.token = tokenInfo
    this.img = imgInfo
    this.url = urlInfo
  }
  id?: string = '';
  token: string = '';
  img: string = '';
  url: string = ''
}
// 首选项工具类
class PreferenceModel {
  // 初始化
  async getPreferencesFromStorage() {
    try {
      preference = await preferences.getPreferences(context,'ImageUrlData.db');
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('[PreferenceModel]', `Failed to get preferences, Cause: ${err}`);
    }
  }
  // 删除首选项
  async deletePreferences() {
    try {
      await preferences.deletePreferences(context, 'ImageUrlData.db');
    } catch(err) {
      console.error('[PreferenceModel]', `Failed to delete preferences, Cause: ${err}`);
    };
    preference = preferenceTemp;
    this.showToastMessage('删除数据库成功');
  }
  // 插入值
  async putPreference(Image:string, ImageInfo: ImageModel) {
    if (!preference) {
      await this.getPreferencesFromStorage();
    }
    try {
      await preference.put(Image, JSON.stringify(ImageInfo));
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('[PreferenceModel]', `Failed to put value, Cause: ${err}`);
    }
    await preference.flush();
  }
  // 获取值
  async getPreference(Image: string) {
    let ImageInfo = '';
    if (!preference) {
      await this.getPreferencesFromStorage();
    }
    try {
      ImageInfo = (await preference.get(Image, '')).toString();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('[PreferenceModel]', `Failed to get value, Cause: ${err}`);
    }
    if (ImageInfo === '') {
      this.showToastMessage('数据为空，请先写入数据');
      return;
    }
    this.showToastMessage('写入数据成功');
    return JSON.parse(ImageInfo);
  }
  async getImageData(Image: string) {
    return await this.getPreference(Image);
  }
  // 写入数据
  writeData(Image:string, ImageInfo: ImageModel) {
    this.putPreference(Image, ImageInfo);
    this.showToastMessage('写入数据成功');
  }
  showToastMessage(message: string) {
    promptAction.showToast({
      message: message,
      duration: 3000
    });
  };
}
/**
 * 操作首选项
 */
export class LocalDataManager {
  preferenceModel = new PreferenceModel()
  private static localDataManager: LocalDataManager;
  private constructor() {
    this.preferenceModel.getPreferencesFromStorage()
  }
  static instance() {
    if (!LocalDataManager.localDataManager) {
      LocalDataManager.localDataManager = new LocalDataManager();
    }
    return LocalDataManager.localDataManager;
  }
  async queryImageInfo(Image:string) {
    return await this.preferenceModel.getImageData(Image)
  }
  insertImageInfo(Image:string, ImageInfo: ImageModel) {
    this.preferenceModel.writeData(Image, ImageInfo)
    return Image.length
  }
  updateImageInfo(Image:string, ImageInfo: ImageModel) {
    this.preferenceModel.writeData(Image, ImageInfo)
    return Image.length
  }
  deleteImageInfo() {
    this.preferenceModel.deletePreferences()
  }
}
// 使用首选项做缓存
[@Entry](/user/Entry)
[@Component](/user/Component)
struct NeiMengGuNongJi {
  private localDataManager: LocalDataManager = LocalDataManager.instance();
  [@State](/user/State) token_Info: string = ''
  private img: string = 'image00'
  private url: string = 'url000'
  [@State](/user/State) num: number = 0
  [@State](/user/State) keyInfo: string = ''
  [@State](/user/State) imageData: ImageModel = new ImageModel('','','','')
  build() {
    Column() {
      Button('点击存入数据库')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .onClick(()=> {
          for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            let tokenInfo = "token00"+i
            let image = this.img+i
            let urlInfo = this.url+i
            let ImageInfo = new ImageModel("", tokenInfo, image, urlInfo);
            this.localDataManager.insertImageInfo(image, ImageInfo)
          }
        })
      Button('删除首选项').width(100).height(100)
        .onClick(()=>{
          this.localDataManager.deleteImageInfo()
        })
      TextInput({placeholder:'输入key值:例如image001'})
        .type(InputType.Normal)
        .onChange((key: string) => {
          this.keyInfo = key
        })
      Button('通过key值：'+this.keyInfo+", 获取value值")
        .fontSize(18)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .onClick(async()=> {
          if(this.keyInfo !== ''){
            this.imageData = await this.localDataManager.queryImageInfo(this.keyInfo) as ImageModel
            console.info("imageData="+JSON.stringify(this.imageData))
          }
        })
      Text("key: "+this.keyInfo+", value: " + (this.imageData.token === ''? '' : JSON.stringify(this.imageData))).fontSize(40)
    }
    .width('100%')
  }
}