Flutter图形绘制插件directed_graph的使用
Flutter图形绘制插件directed_graph的使用
Directed Graph 插件介绍
directed_graph
是一个用于创建和操作有向图的数据结构的 Dart 包。它支持添加/移除顶点和边、排序顶点等功能,并提供了多种算法,如最短路径查找、权重最大/最小路径查找、所有连接两个顶点的路径查找、环检测、拓扑排序等。
术语解释
- 顶点(Vertices):图中的元素。
- 边(Edges):连接顶点的线段,可以是有向或无向的。
- 入度(In-degree):指向某个顶点的边的数量。
- 出度(Out-degree):从某个顶点出发的边的数量。
- 源节点(Source):入度为零的顶点。
- 有向边(Directed Edge):有序的顶点对 (vi, vj)。
- 路径(Path):由至少两个相连顶点组成的有序列表,其中每个内部顶点都是唯一的。
- 环(Cycle):首尾相同的路径。
- 遍历(Walk):由至少两个相连顶点组成的有序列表。
- DAG(Directed Acyclic Graph):没有环的有向图。
- 拓扑排序(Topological ordering):图中所有顶点的一种顺序,使得如果存在一条从 vi 到 vj 的边,则 vi 必须出现在 vj 之前。
使用方法
要使用此库,请在 pubspec.yaml
文件中添加 directed_graph
作为依赖项。
示例代码
以下是一个完整的示例代码,展示了如何使用 directed_graph
库:
import 'package:directed_graph/directed_graph.dart';
void main() {
// 自定义比较器
int comparator(String s1, String s2) => s1.compareTo(s2);
int inverseComparator(String s1, String s2) => -comparator(s1, s2);
// 构建一个有向图
final graph = DirectedGraph<String>({
'a': {'b', 'h', 'c', 'e'},
'b': {'h'},
'c': {'h', 'g'},
'd': {'e', 'f'},
'e': {'g'},
'f': {'i'},
'i': {'l'},
'k': {'g', 'f'}
}, comparator: comparator);
print('Example Directed Graph...');
print('graph.toString():');
print(graph);
print('\nIs Acylic:');
print(graph.isAcyclic);
print('\nStrongly connected components:');
print(graph.stronglyConnectedComponents);
print('\nShortestPath(d, l):');
print(graph.shortestPath('d', 'l'));
print('\nInDegree(C):');
print(graph.inDegree('c'));
print('\nOutDegree(C)');
print(graph.outDegree('c'));
print('\nVertices sorted in lexicographical order:');
print(graph.sortedVertices);
print('\nVertices sorted in inverse lexicographical order:');
graph.comparator = inverseComparator;
print(graph.sortedVertices);
graph.comparator = comparator;
print('\nInDegreeMap:');
print(graph.inDegreeMap);
print('\nSorted Topological Ordering:');
print(graph.sortedTopologicalOrdering);
print('\nTopological Ordering:');
print(graph.topologicalOrdering);
print('\nLocal Sources:');
print(graph.localSources);
// 添加边使图变为有环图
graph.addEdges('i', {'k'});
graph.addEdges('l', {'l'});
graph.addEdges('i', {'d'});
print('\nCycle:');
print(graph.cycle);
print('\nShortest Paths:');
print(graph.shortestPaths('a'));
print('\nEdge exists: a->b');
print(graph.edgeExists('a', 'b'));
}
加权有向图示例
以下是构建加权有向图并查找最轻路径、最重路径和最短路径的示例代码:
import 'package:directed_graph/directed_graph.dart';
void main(List<String> args) {
int comparator(String s1, String s2) => s1.compareTo(s2);
final a = 'a';
final b = 'b';
final c = 'c';
final d = 'd';
final e = 'e';
final f = 'f';
final g = 'g';
final h = 'h';
final i = 'i';
final k = 'k';
final l = 'l';
int sum(int left, int right) => left + right;
var graph = WeightedDirectedGraph<String, int>({
a: {b: 1, h: 7, c: 2, e: 40, g: 7},
b: {h: 6},
c: {h: 5, g: 4},
d: {e: 1, f: 2},
e: {g: 2},
f: {i: 3},
i: {l: 3, k: 2},
k: {g: 4, f: 5},
l: {l: 0}
}, summation: sum, zero: 0, comparator: comparator);
print('Weighted Graph:');
print(graph);
print('\nNeighbouring vertices sorted by weight:');
print(graph..sortEdgesByWeight());
final lightestPath = graph.lightestPath(a, g);
print('\nLightest path a -> g');
print('$lightestPath weight: ${graph.weightAlong(lightestPath)}');
final heaviestPath = graph.heaviestPath(a, g);
print('\nHeaviest path a -> g');
print('$heaviestPath weigth: ${graph.weightAlong(heaviestPath)}');
final shortestPath = graph.shortestPath(a, g);
print('\nShortest path a -> g');
print('$shortestPath weight: ${graph.weightAlong(shortestPath)}');
}
更多功能
更多功能和详细信息请参考 GitHub 项目主页 和 API 文档。
如果你有任何问题或建议,请提交到 issue tracker。
更多关于Flutter图形绘制插件directed_graph的使用的实战系列教程也可以访问 https://www.itying.com/category-92-b0.html
更多关于Flutter图形绘制插件directed_graph的使用的实战系列教程也可以访问 https://www.itying.com/category-92-b0.html
当然,以下是如何在Flutter项目中使用directed_graph
插件来进行图形绘制的示例代码。directed_graph
插件通常用于绘制有向图(Directed Graph),这在展示节点和边的关系时非常有用。
首先,确保你已经在pubspec.yaml
文件中添加了directed_graph
依赖:
dependencies:
flutter:
sdk: flutter
directed_graph: ^x.y.z # 请将x.y.z替换为最新版本号
然后运行flutter pub get
来安装依赖。
接下来是一个简单的示例,展示如何使用directed_graph
插件绘制一个有向图:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:directed_graph/directed_graph.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Directed Graph Example',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: GraphScreen(),
);
}
}
class GraphScreen extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_GraphScreenState createState() => _GraphScreenState();
}
class _GraphScreenState extends State<GraphScreen> {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// 定义节点和边
final nodes = [
Node(id: 'A', label: 'Node A'),
Node(id: 'B', label: 'Node B'),
Node(id: 'C', label: 'Node C'),
];
final edges = [
Edge(from: 'A', to: 'B'),
Edge(from: 'B', to: 'C'),
];
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Directed Graph Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: CustomPaint(
size: Size(double.infinity, double.infinity),
painter: DirectedGraphPainter(nodes: nodes, edges: edges),
),
),
);
}
}
class DirectedGraphPainter extends CustomPainter {
final List<Node> nodes;
final List<Edge> edges;
DirectedGraphPainter({required this.nodes, required this.edges});
@override
void paint(Canvas canvas, Size size) {
final paint = Paint()
..color = Colors.black
..strokeWidth = 2.0
..style = PaintingStyle.stroke;
final textPaint = TextPaint()
..color = Colors.black
..fontSize = 16.0;
double nodeRadius = 20.0;
double margin = 50.0;
// 绘制节点
for (var node in nodes) {
double x = (size.width - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(node) % 2 + 0.5) + margin;
double y = (size.height - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(node) ~/ 2 + 0.5) + margin;
canvas.drawCircle(Offset(x, y), nodeRadius, paint);
canvas.drawText(node.label!, Offset(x - nodeRadius / 2, y - nodeRadius / 2 - textPaint.fontSize / 2), textPaint);
}
// 绘制边
for (var edge in edges) {
var fromNode = nodes.firstWhere((node) => node.id == edge.from)!;
var toNode = nodes.firstWhere((node) => node.id == edge.to)!;
double fromX = (size.width - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(fromNode) % 2 + 0.5) + margin;
double fromY = (size.height - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(fromNode) ~/ 2 + 0.5) + margin;
double toX = (size.width - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(toNode) % 2 + 0.5) + margin;
double toY = (size.height - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(toNode) ~/ 2 + 0.5) + margin;
canvas.drawLine(Offset(fromX, fromY), Offset(toX, toY), paint);
}
}
@override
bool shouldRepaint(covariant CustomPainter oldDelegate) {
return false;
}
}
class Node {
final String id;
final String label;
Node({required this.id, required this.label});
}
class Edge {
final String from;
final String to;
Edge({required this.from, required this.to});
}
注意事项
- 自定义绘制:
DirectedGraphPainter
类使用CustomPainter
来绘制节点和边。你可以根据需求调整节点的布局和边的样式。 - 节点和边的数据:节点和边的数据通过
nodes
和edges
列表传递。 - 布局:示例中的布局非常基础,只是简单地将节点按行和列排列。你可以使用更复杂的布局算法(如力导向图布局)来优化节点和边的位置。
这是一个基本的示例,展示了如何使用directed_graph
(尽管实际上并没有直接使用该库的API,而是展示了如何手动绘制有向图)。如果directed_graph
库有特定的API用于绘制图形,请查阅其文档并按照其指导进行实现。