Flutter图形绘制插件directed_graph的使用

发布于 1周前 作者 zlyuanteng 来自 Flutter

Flutter图形绘制插件directed_graph的使用

Directed Graph 插件介绍

Dart

directed_graph 是一个用于创建和操作有向图的数据结构的 Dart 包。它支持添加/移除顶点和边、排序顶点等功能,并提供了多种算法,如最短路径查找、权重最大/最小路径查找、所有连接两个顶点的路径查找、环检测、拓扑排序等。

术语解释

  • 顶点(Vertices):图中的元素。
  • 边(Edges):连接顶点的线段,可以是有向或无向的。
  • 入度(In-degree):指向某个顶点的边的数量。
  • 出度(Out-degree):从某个顶点出发的边的数量。
  • 源节点(Source):入度为零的顶点。
  • 有向边(Directed Edge):有序的顶点对 (vi, vj)。
  • 路径(Path):由至少两个相连顶点组成的有序列表,其中每个内部顶点都是唯一的。
  • 环(Cycle):首尾相同的路径。
  • 遍历(Walk):由至少两个相连顶点组成的有序列表。
  • DAG(Directed Acyclic Graph):没有环的有向图。
  • 拓扑排序(Topological ordering):图中所有顶点的一种顺序,使得如果存在一条从 vi 到 vj 的边,则 vi 必须出现在 vj 之前。

使用方法

要使用此库,请在 pubspec.yaml 文件中添加 directed_graph 作为依赖项。

示例代码

以下是一个完整的示例代码,展示了如何使用 directed_graph 库:

import 'package:directed_graph/directed_graph.dart';

void main() {
  // 自定义比较器
  int comparator(String s1, String s2) => s1.compareTo(s2);
  int inverseComparator(String s1, String s2) => -comparator(s1, s2);

  // 构建一个有向图
  final graph = DirectedGraph<String>({
    'a': {'b', 'h', 'c', 'e'},
    'b': {'h'},
    'c': {'h', 'g'},
    'd': {'e', 'f'},
    'e': {'g'},
    'f': {'i'},
    'i': {'l'},
    'k': {'g', 'f'}
  }, comparator: comparator);

  print('Example Directed Graph...');
  print('graph.toString():');
  print(graph);

  print('\nIs Acylic:');
  print(graph.isAcyclic);

  print('\nStrongly connected components:');
  print(graph.stronglyConnectedComponents);

  print('\nShortestPath(d, l):');
  print(graph.shortestPath('d', 'l'));

  print('\nInDegree(C):');
  print(graph.inDegree('c'));

  print('\nOutDegree(C)');
  print(graph.outDegree('c'));

  print('\nVertices sorted in lexicographical order:');
  print(graph.sortedVertices);

  print('\nVertices sorted in inverse lexicographical order:');
  graph.comparator = inverseComparator;
  print(graph.sortedVertices);
  graph.comparator = comparator;

  print('\nInDegreeMap:');
  print(graph.inDegreeMap);

  print('\nSorted Topological Ordering:');
  print(graph.sortedTopologicalOrdering);

  print('\nTopological Ordering:');
  print(graph.topologicalOrdering);

  print('\nLocal Sources:');
  print(graph.localSources);

  // 添加边使图变为有环图
  graph.addEdges('i', {'k'});
  graph.addEdges('l', {'l'});
  graph.addEdges('i', {'d'});

  print('\nCycle:');
  print(graph.cycle);

  print('\nShortest Paths:');
  print(graph.shortestPaths('a'));

  print('\nEdge exists: a->b');
  print(graph.edgeExists('a', 'b'));
}

加权有向图示例

以下是构建加权有向图并查找最轻路径、最重路径和最短路径的示例代码:

import 'package:directed_graph/directed_graph.dart';

void main(List<String> args) {
  int comparator(String s1, String s2) => s1.compareTo(s2);

  final a = 'a';
  final b = 'b';
  final c = 'c';
  final d = 'd';
  final e = 'e';
  final f = 'f';
  final g = 'g';
  final h = 'h';
  final i = 'i';
  final k = 'k';
  final l = 'l';

  int sum(int left, int right) => left + right;

  var graph = WeightedDirectedGraph<String, int>({
    a: {b: 1, h: 7, c: 2, e: 40, g: 7},
    b: {h: 6},
    c: {h: 5, g: 4},
    d: {e: 1, f: 2},
    e: {g: 2},
    f: {i: 3},
    i: {l: 3, k: 2},
    k: {g: 4, f: 5},
    l: {l: 0}
  }, summation: sum, zero: 0, comparator: comparator);

  print('Weighted Graph:');
  print(graph);

  print('\nNeighbouring vertices sorted by weight:');
  print(graph..sortEdgesByWeight());

  final lightestPath = graph.lightestPath(a, g);
  print('\nLightest path a -> g');
  print('$lightestPath weight: ${graph.weightAlong(lightestPath)}');

  final heaviestPath = graph.heaviestPath(a, g);
  print('\nHeaviest path a -> g');
  print('$heaviestPath weigth: ${graph.weightAlong(heaviestPath)}');

  final shortestPath = graph.shortestPath(a, g);
  print('\nShortest path a -> g');
  print('$shortestPath weight: ${graph.weightAlong(shortestPath)}');
}

更多功能

更多功能和详细信息请参考 GitHub 项目主页API 文档

如果你有任何问题或建议,请提交到 issue tracker


更多关于Flutter图形绘制插件directed_graph的使用的实战系列教程也可以访问 https://www.itying.com/category-92-b0.html

1 回复

更多关于Flutter图形绘制插件directed_graph的使用的实战系列教程也可以访问 https://www.itying.com/category-92-b0.html


当然,以下是如何在Flutter项目中使用directed_graph插件来进行图形绘制的示例代码。directed_graph插件通常用于绘制有向图(Directed Graph),这在展示节点和边的关系时非常有用。

首先,确保你已经在pubspec.yaml文件中添加了directed_graph依赖:

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  directed_graph: ^x.y.z  # 请将x.y.z替换为最新版本号

然后运行flutter pub get来安装依赖。

接下来是一个简单的示例,展示如何使用directed_graph插件绘制一个有向图:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:directed_graph/directed_graph.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Directed Graph Example',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: GraphScreen(),
    );
  }
}

class GraphScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _GraphScreenState createState() => _GraphScreenState();
}

class _GraphScreenState extends State<GraphScreen> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // 定义节点和边
    final nodes = [
      Node(id: 'A', label: 'Node A'),
      Node(id: 'B', label: 'Node B'),
      Node(id: 'C', label: 'Node C'),
    ];

    final edges = [
      Edge(from: 'A', to: 'B'),
      Edge(from: 'B', to: 'C'),
    ];

    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Directed Graph Example'),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: CustomPaint(
          size: Size(double.infinity, double.infinity),
          painter: DirectedGraphPainter(nodes: nodes, edges: edges),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class DirectedGraphPainter extends CustomPainter {
  final List<Node> nodes;
  final List<Edge> edges;

  DirectedGraphPainter({required this.nodes, required this.edges});

  @override
  void paint(Canvas canvas, Size size) {
    final paint = Paint()
      ..color = Colors.black
      ..strokeWidth = 2.0
      ..style = PaintingStyle.stroke;

    final textPaint = TextPaint()
      ..color = Colors.black
      ..fontSize = 16.0;

    double nodeRadius = 20.0;
    double margin = 50.0;

    // 绘制节点
    for (var node in nodes) {
      double x = (size.width - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(node) % 2 + 0.5) + margin;
      double y = (size.height - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(node) ~/ 2 + 0.5) + margin;
      canvas.drawCircle(Offset(x, y), nodeRadius, paint);
      canvas.drawText(node.label!, Offset(x - nodeRadius / 2, y - nodeRadius / 2 - textPaint.fontSize / 2), textPaint);
    }

    // 绘制边
    for (var edge in edges) {
      var fromNode = nodes.firstWhere((node) => node.id == edge.from)!;
      var toNode = nodes.firstWhere((node) => node.id == edge.to)!;

      double fromX = (size.width - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(fromNode) % 2 + 0.5) + margin;
      double fromY = (size.height - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(fromNode) ~/ 2 + 0.5) + margin;
      double toX = (size.width - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(toNode) % 2 + 0.5) + margin;
      double toY = (size.height - margin * 2) * (nodes.indexOf(toNode) ~/ 2 + 0.5) + margin;

      canvas.drawLine(Offset(fromX, fromY), Offset(toX, toY), paint);
    }
  }

  @override
  bool shouldRepaint(covariant CustomPainter oldDelegate) {
    return false;
  }
}

class Node {
  final String id;
  final String label;

  Node({required this.id, required this.label});
}

class Edge {
  final String from;
  final String to;

  Edge({required this.from, required this.to});
}

注意事项

  1. 自定义绘制DirectedGraphPainter类使用CustomPainter来绘制节点和边。你可以根据需求调整节点的布局和边的样式。
  2. 节点和边的数据:节点和边的数据通过nodesedges列表传递。
  3. 布局:示例中的布局非常基础,只是简单地将节点按行和列排列。你可以使用更复杂的布局算法(如力导向图布局)来优化节点和边的位置。

这是一个基本的示例,展示了如何使用directed_graph(尽管实际上并没有直接使用该库的API,而是展示了如何手动绘制有向图)。如果directed_graph库有特定的API用于绘制图形,请查阅其文档并按照其指导进行实现。

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