Flutter URL启动插件url_launcher_android的使用

描述

url_launcher_android 是 url_launcher 插件在Android平台上的实现。当你在项目中使用 url_launcher 时，这个包会自动包含在你的应用中，因此你不需要在 pubspec.yaml 文件中显式添加它。不过，如果你需要直接使用它的API，则应该按照常规方式将其添加到 pubspec.yaml。

使用方法

添加依赖

由于它是 url_launcher 的一部分，所以只需要在 pubspec.yaml 中添加 url_launcher 即可：

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  url_launcher: ^latest_version # 替换为最新版本号

示例代码

下面是一个完整的示例，展示了如何在Flutter应用中使用 url_launcher 来打开URL、拨打电话以及配置WebView的行为（如启用/禁用JavaScript等）。

完整示例Demo

import 'dart:async';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:url_launcher_platform_interface/url_launcher_platform_interface.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'URL Launcher',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: const MyHomePage(title: 'URL Launcher'),
    );
  }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});
  final String title;

  @override
  State<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  final UrlLauncherPlatform launcher = UrlLauncherPlatform.instance;
  bool _hasCallSupport = false;
  bool _hasCustomTabSupport = false;
  Future<void>? _launched;
  String _phone = '';

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    // 检查是否支持电话拨打
    launcher.canLaunch('tel:123').then((bool result) {
      setState(() {
        _hasCallSupport = result;
      });
    });
    // 检查是否支持自定义标签页
    launcher.supportsMode(PreferredLaunchMode.inAppBrowserView).then((bool result) {
      setState(() {
        _hasCustomTabSupport = result;
      });
    });
  }

  Future<void> _launchInBrowser(String url) async {
    if (!await launcher.launchUrl(
      url,
      const LaunchOptions(mode: PreferredLaunchMode.externalApplication),
    )) {
      throw Exception('Could not launch $url');
    }
  }

  Future<void> _launchInCustomTab(String url) async {
    if (!await launcher.launchUrl(
      url,
      const LaunchOptions(mode: PreferredLaunchMode.inAppBrowserView),
    )) {
      throw Exception('Could not launch $url');
    }
  }

  Future<void> _launchInWebView(String url) async {
    if (!await launcher.launchUrl(
      url,
      const LaunchOptions(mode: PreferredLaunchMode.inAppWebView),
    )) {
      throw Exception('Could not launch $url');
    }
  }

  Future<void> _launchInWebViewWithCustomHeaders(String url) async {
    if (!await launcher.launchUrl(
      url,
      const LaunchOptions(
          mode: PreferredLaunchMode.inAppWebView,
          webViewConfiguration: InAppWebViewConfiguration(
            headers: {'my_header_key': 'my_header_value'},
          )),
    )) {
      throw Exception('Could not launch $url');
    }
  }

  Future<void> _launchInWebViewWithoutJavaScript(String url) async {
    if (!await launcher.launchUrl(
      url,
      const LaunchOptions(
          mode: PreferredLaunchMode.inAppWebView,
          webViewConfiguration: InAppWebViewConfiguration(enableJavaScript: false)),
    )) {
      throw Exception('Could not launch $url');
    }
  }

  Future<void> _launchInWebViewWithoutDomStorage(String url) async {
    if (!await launcher.launchUrl(
      url,
      const LaunchOptions(
          mode: PreferredLaunchMode.inAppWebView,
          webViewConfiguration: InAppWebViewConfiguration(enableDomStorage: false)),
    )) {
      throw Exception('Could not launch $url');
    }
  }

  Widget _launchStatus(BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<void> snapshot) {
    if (snapshot.hasError) {
      return Text('Error: ${snapshot.error}');
    } else {
      return const Text('');
    }
  }

  Future<void> _makePhoneCall(String phoneNumber) async {
    final Uri launchUri = Uri(
      scheme: 'tel',
      path: phoneNumber,
    );
    await launcher.launchUrl(launchUri.toString(), const LaunchOptions());
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    const String toLaunch = 'https://www.cylog.org/headers/';
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: ListView(
        children: <Widget>[
          Column(
            mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
            children: <Widget>[
              Padding(
                padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
                child: TextField(
                  onChanged: (String text) => _phone = text,
                  decoration: const InputDecoration(hintText: 'Input the phone number to launch'),
                ),
              ),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: _hasCallSupport
                    ? () => setState(() {
                          _launched = _makePhoneCall(_phone);
                        })
                    : null,
                child: _hasCallSupport
                    ? const Text('Make phone call')
                    : const Text('Calling not supported'),
              ),
              const Padding(
                padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
                child: Text(toLaunch),
              ),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: _hasCustomTabSupport
                    ? () => setState(() {
                          _launched = _launchInBrowser(toLaunch);
                        })
                    : null,
                child: const Text('Launch in browser'),
              ),
              const Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0)),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () => setState(() {
                  _launched = _launchInCustomTab(toLaunch);
                }),
                child: const Text('Launch in Android Custom Tab'),
              ),
              const Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0)),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () => setState(() {
                  _launched = _launchInWebView(toLaunch);
                }),
                child: const Text('Launch in web view'),
              ),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () => setState(() {
                  _launched = _launchInWebViewWithCustomHeaders(toLaunch);
                }),
                child: const Text('Launch in web view (Custom headers)'),
              ),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () => setState(() {
                  _launched = _launchInWebViewWithoutJavaScript(toLaunch);
                }),
                child: const Text('Launch in web view (JavaScript OFF)'),
              ),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () => setState(() {
                  _launched = _launchInWebViewWithoutDomStorage(toLaunch);
                }),
                child: const Text('Launch in web view (DOM storage OFF)'),
              ),
              const Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0)),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () => setState(() {
                  _launched = _launchInWebView(toLaunch);
                  Timer(const Duration(seconds: 5), () {
                    launcher.closeWebView();
                  });
                }),
                child: const Text('Launch in web view + close after 5 seconds'),
              ),
              const Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0)),
              FutureBuilder<void>(future: _launched, builder: _launchStatus),
            ],
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

此代码片段创建了一个简单的Flutter应用程序，其中包含了多个按钮用于演示不同的URL启动方式，包括但不限于：

• 在浏览器中打开URL。
• 使用Android自定义标签页打开URL。
• 在内置WebView中打开URL，并可以配置WebView的行为（例如设置自定义头信息、禁用JavaScript或DOM存储）。
• 拨打输入的电话号码（如果有支持）。

通过这些功能，你可以根据实际需求灵活地选择最适合的方式处理URL启动逻辑。