Flutter数据验证插件generic_validator的使用

Flutter数据验证插件generic_validator的使用

此插件提供了API,以帮助将验证和业务规则从应用程序的展示层分离出来。

特性

  • 使用声明式方式表达你的规则。
  • 反馈不必为特定类型(完全通用)。
  • 将相关的规则分组在一起,并消除if else语句。
  • 支持异步规则评估。

使用方法

检查示例以获取详细用法

检查/example文件夹以获取完整的示例用法。

final myName = 'Ahmed';
final arabicName = 'احمد';
final nameRule = ValidationRule(
    ruler: (value) {
      if (RegExp("[A-Za-z]").hasMatch(value)) {
        return true;
      }
      return false;
    },
    negativeFeedback: "Name has to be in English");
final validResult = nameRule.apply(myName); // 返回有效
final invalidResult = nameRule.apply(arabicName); // 返回无效,其原因属性为之前传递的负反馈类型。

将规则分组在一起

将规则分组在一起可以使操作更方便。你可以继承Validator类并重写其rules获取器来声明你的规则。

class NameValidator extends Validator<String, dynamic> {
  [@override](/user/override)
  List<ValidationRule<String, dynamic>> get rules => [
        ValidationRule(
            ruler: (value) {
              if (value.isNotEmpty) {
                return true;
              }
              return false;
            },
            negativeFeedback: "Name can't be empty"),
        ValidationRule(
            ruler: (value) {
              if (RegExp("[A-Za-z]").hasMatch(value)) {
                return true;
              }
              return false;
            },
            negativeFeedback: "Name has to be in English"),
      ];
}

调用validate方法以获取结果:

final aValidName = "Ahmed";
final invalidName = "";
final nameValidator = NameValidator();
final validResult = nameValidator.validate(aValidName); // 返回有效
final invalidResult = nameValidator.validate(invalidName); // 返回无效,其原因属性为之前传递的负反馈类型。

你还可以混合使用StringRules,它包含常见的规则如notEmpty

class NameValidator extends Validator<String, dynamic> with StringRules {
  [@override](/user/override)
  List<ValidationRule<String, dynamic>> get rules => [
        notEmpty<String>(negativeFeedback: "This field can't be empty."),
        max(
            maxLength: 10,
            negativeFeedback: "Name can't be more than 10 characters."),
        ValidationRule(
            ruler: (value) {
              if (RegExp("[A-Za-z]").hasMatch(value)) {
                return true;
              }
              return false;
            },
            negativeFeedback: "Name has to be in English"),
      ];
}

异步验证规则

你可以创建一个AsyncValidationRule和一个AsyncValidator,它们可以同时具有ValidationRuleAsyncValidationRules规则。

验证结果的方法

验证结果具有一些方便的方法,如whenmaybeWhenmapmaybeMap。例如:

// 将验证结果对象映射到字符串或null,以便与TextFormField的验证函数一起使用。
nameValidator.validate(val).maybeMap(
    invalid: (invalid) => invalid.reasons.first,
    orElse: () => null,
);
// 基于验证结果进行副作用操作。
phoneValidator.validate(val).maybeWhen(
      invalid: (reasons) {
        // 显示一个对话框
      },
      orElse: () {
        // 弹出当前屏幕
      },
);

完整示例

以下是一个完整的示例代码,展示了如何在Flutter应用中使用generic_validator插件进行表单验证。

import 'package:example/validators/platform_phone_validator.dart';
import 'package:example/validators/sign_up_form_validator.dart';
import 'package:example/sign_up_textfield.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  [@override](/user/override)
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Generic validator demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
          colorScheme: ColorScheme.fromSwatch(primarySwatch: Colors.grey)),
      home: const SignUp(),
    );
  }
}

class SignUp extends StatefulWidget {
  const SignUp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  [@override](/user/override)
  _SignUpState createState() => _SignUpState();
}

class _SignUpState extends State<SignUp> {
  var signUpFormKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();
  late final SignUpFormValidator formValidator;

  String? phoneValidation;

  final TextEditingController _phoneController = TextEditingController();

  [@override](/user/override)
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    final platformPhoneValidator = PlatformPhoneValidatorImpl();
    formValidator =
        SignUpFormValidator(platformPhoneValidator: platformPhoneValidator);
  }

  [@override](/user/override)
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          backgroundColor: Colors.black,
          automaticallyImplyLeading: false,
          title: const Text(
            "Sign up",
            style: TextStyle(fontWeight: FontWeight.bold),
          ),
        ),
        body: SingleChildScrollView(
          child: Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
            child: Center(
              child: Form(
                key: signUpFormKey,
                child: Column(
                    crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
                    mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
                    children: [
                      const SizedBox(
                        height: 40,
                      ),
                      SignUpTextFormField(
                        labelText: "First Name",
                        icon: Icons.first_page,
                        validator: (val) =>
                            formValidator.nameValidator.validate(val!).maybeMap(
                                  invalid: (invalid) => invalid.reasons.first,
                                  orElse: () => null,
                                ),
                      ),
                      const SizedBox(
                        height: 30,
                      ),
                      SignUpTextFormField(
                          labelText: "Last Name: ",
                          icon: Icons.last_page,
                          validator: (val) => formValidator.nameValidator
                              .validate(val!)
                              .maybeMap(
                                invalid: (invalid) => invalid.reasons.first,
                                orElse: () => null,
                              )),
                      const SizedBox(
                        height: 30,
                      ),
                      SignUpTextFormField(
                        labelText: "Email Address: ",
                        icon: Icons.email,
                        validator: (val) => formValidator.emailValidator
                            .validate(val!)
                            .maybeMap(
                              invalid: (invalid) => invalid.reasons.first,
                              orElse: () => null,
                            ),
                      ),
                      const SizedBox(
                        height: 30,
                      ),
                      SignUpTextFormField(
                        controller: _phoneController,
                        labelText: "Phone Number: ",
                        icon: Icons.contact_phone,
                        onChange: (val) async {
                          await validatePhone(val);
                        },
                        validator: (val) => phoneValidation,
                      ),
                      const SizedBox(
                        height: 30,
                      ),
                      SignUpTextFormField(
                          labelText: "Password: ",
                          icon: Icons.password,
                          validator: (val) => formValidator.passwordValidator
                              .validate(val!)
                              .maybeMap(
                                invalid: (invalid) => invalid.reasons.first,
                                orElse: () => null,
                              )),
                      const SizedBox(
                        height: 35,
                      ),
                      SizedBox(
                        width: 200,
                        height: 50,
                        child: ElevatedButton(
                            onPressed: () async {
                              await validatePhone(_phoneController.text);
                              signUpFormKey.currentState?.validate();
                            },
                            style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
                              primary: Colors.black,
                            ),
                            child: const Text(
                              "Sign Up",
                              style: TextStyle(
                                  color: Colors.white,
                                  fontWeight: FontWeight.w900),
                            )),
                      ),
                    ]),
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ));
  }

  Future<void> validatePhone(String val) async {
    (await formValidator.phoneValidator.validate(val)).maybeWhen(
      invalid: (reasons) {
        setState(() {
          phoneValidation = reasons.first;
        });
      },
      orElse: () {
        setState(() {
          phoneValidation = null;
        });
      },
    );
  }
}

更多关于Flutter数据验证插件generic_validator的使用的实战教程也可以访问 https://www.itying.com/category-92-b0.html

1 回复

更多关于Flutter数据验证插件generic_validator的使用的实战系列教程也可以访问 https://www.itying.com/category-92-b0.html


当然,以下是如何在Flutter中使用generic_validator插件进行数据验证的示例代码。这个插件可以帮助你快速实现各种数据验证逻辑,比如邮箱、电话号码、密码强度等。

首先,你需要在你的pubspec.yaml文件中添加generic_validator依赖:

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  generic_validator: ^x.y.z  # 请替换为最新版本号

然后运行flutter pub get来安装依赖。

接下来是一个简单的示例,演示如何使用generic_validator进行数据验证。

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:generic_validator/generic_validator.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Data Validation Example',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: DataValidationScreen(),
    );
  }
}

class DataValidationScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _DataValidationScreenState createState() => _DataValidationScreenState();
}

class _DataValidationScreenState extends State<DataValidationScreen> {
  final _formKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();
  String _email = '';
  String _password = '';
  String _errorMessage = '';

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Data Validation Example'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
        child: Form(
          key: _formKey,
          child: Column(
            crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
            children: <Widget>[
              TextFormField(
                decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Email'),
                validator: (value) {
                  if (!MultiValidator.email(value)) {
                    return 'Please enter a valid email address.';
                  }
                  return null;
                },
                onChanged: (value) {
                  setState(() {
                    _email = value;
                  });
                },
              ),
              TextFormField(
                decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Password'),
                validator: (value) {
                  if (!MultiValidator.length(value, min: 8)) {
                    return 'Password must be at least 8 characters long.';
                  }
                  if (!MultiValidator.hasNumber(value)) {
                    return 'Password must contain at least one number.';
                  }
                  return null;
                },
                obscureText: true,
                onChanged: (value) {
                  setState(() {
                    _password = value;
                  });
                },
              ),
              SizedBox(height: 20),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () async {
                  if (_formKey.currentState!.validate()) {
                    // If form is valid, you can proceed with form submission
                    setState(() {
                      _errorMessage = '';
                    });
                    // Here you can add your form submission logic
                    print('Email: $_email');
                    print('Password: $_password');
                  } else {
                    // If form is invalid, show an error message
                    setState(() {
                      _errorMessage = 'Please fix the errors in the form.';
                    });
                  }
                },
                child: Text('Submit'),
              ),
              SizedBox(height: 10),
              Text(_errorMessage, style: TextStyle(color: Colors.red)),
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

在这个示例中,我们创建了一个简单的表单,包含两个字段:电子邮件和密码。我们使用TextFormField来接受用户输入,并为其设置了validator属性。在validator中,我们使用了generic_validator插件提供的MultiValidator类来进行数据验证。

  • 对于电子邮件字段,我们使用MultiValidator.email(value)来验证输入的电子邮件地址是否有效。
  • 对于密码字段,我们使用MultiValidator.length(value, min: 8)来验证密码长度是否至少为8个字符,以及MultiValidator.hasNumber(value)来验证密码中是否至少包含一个数字。

当用户点击提交按钮时,_formKey.currentState!.validate()方法会被调用,它会遍历所有字段并触发相应的验证器。如果所有字段都验证通过,则表单提交成功;否则,会显示一个错误消息。

希望这个示例能帮助你理解如何在Flutter中使用generic_validator插件进行数据验证。

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