Flutter蓝牙通信插件win_ble_backend的使用

win_ble_backend 是一个用于在 Windows 平台上进行蓝牙低功耗（BLE）通信的 Flutter 插件。它允许 Flutter 应用程序与 BLE 设备进行通信，支持扫描、连接、读取、写入和通知等操作。

以下是如何使用 win_ble_backend 插件进行蓝牙通信的基本步骤：

1. 添加依赖

首先，在 pubspec.yaml 文件中添加 win_ble_backend 插件的依赖：

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  win_ble_backend: ^0.0.1  # 请使用最新版本

然后运行 flutter pub get 来安装依赖。

2. 初始化插件

在你的 Dart 代码中，首先需要初始化 win_ble_backend 插件：

import 'package:win_ble_backend/win_ble_backend.dart';

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await WinBleBackend.initialize();
  runApp(MyApp());
}

3. 扫描设备

使用 WinBleBackend 提供的 API 来扫描附近的 BLE 设备：

void scanDevices() async {
  await WinBleBackend.startScan();
  WinBleBackend.scanResults.listen((device) {
    print('Found device: ${device.name}, RSSI: ${device.rssi}');
  });
}

4. 连接设备

扫描到设备后，你可以通过设备的 id 来连接它：

void connectToDevice(String deviceId) async {
  await WinBleBackend.connect(deviceId);
  print('Connected to device: $deviceId');
}

5. 发现服务与特征

连接成功后，你可以发现设备提供的服务和特征：

void discoverServices(String deviceId) async {
  List<BleService> services = await WinBleBackend.discoverServices(deviceId);
  for (var service in services) {
    print('Service: ${service.uuid}');
    for (var characteristic in service.characteristics) {
      print('Characteristic: ${characteristic.uuid}');
    }
  }
}

6. 读取和写入特征值

你可以读取或写入特定特征的值：

void readCharacteristic(String deviceId, String characteristicId) async {
  List<int> value = await WinBleBackend.readCharacteristic(deviceId, characteristicId);
  print('Characteristic value: $value');
}

void writeCharacteristic(String deviceId, String characteristicId, List<int> value) async {
  await WinBleBackend.writeCharacteristic(deviceId, characteristicId, value);
  print('Characteristic value written');
}

7. 启用通知

你可以启用特征的通知功能，以便在特征值发生变化时接收通知：

void enableNotification(String deviceId, String characteristicId) async {
  await WinBleBackend.setNotification(deviceId, characteristicId, true);
  WinBleBackend.onValueChanged.listen((value) {
    print('Notification received: $value');
  });
}

8. 断开连接

完成通信后，记得断开与设备的连接：

void disconnectDevice(String deviceId) async {
  await WinBleBackend.disconnect(deviceId);
  print('Disconnected from device: $deviceId');
}

9. 处理错误

在使用过程中，可能会遇到各种错误，建议添加错误处理逻辑：

void handleErrors() {
  WinBleBackend.onError.listen((error) {
    print('Error occurred: $error');
  });
}

10. 清理资源

在应用程序退出时，确保释放资源：

void dispose() async {
  await WinBleBackend.dispose();
}

示例代码

以下是一个简单的示例，展示了如何使用 win_ble_backend 插件进行 BLE 通信：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:win_ble_backend/win_ble_backend.dart';

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await WinBleBackend.initialize();
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  [@override](/user/override)
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: BLEPage(),
    );
  }
}

class BLEPage extends StatefulWidget {
  [@override](/user/override)
  _BLEPageState createState() => _BLEPageState();
}

class _BLEPageState extends State<BLEPage> {
  String _deviceId;

  [@override](/user/override)
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    scanDevices();
  }

  void scanDevices() async {
    await WinBleBackend.startScan();
    WinBleBackend.scanResults.listen((device) {
      print('Found device: ${device.name}, RSSI: ${device.rssi}');
      if (device.name == 'YourDeviceName') {
        _deviceId = device.id;
        connectToDevice(_deviceId);
      }
    });
  }

  void connectToDevice(String deviceId) async {
    await WinBleBackend.connect(deviceId);
    print('Connected to device: $deviceId');
    discoverServices(deviceId);
  }

  void discoverServices(String deviceId) async {
    List<BleService> services = await WinBleBackend.discoverServices(deviceId);
    for (var service in services) {
      print('Service: ${service.uuid}');
      for (var characteristic in service.characteristics) {
        print('Characteristic: ${characteristic.uuid}');
        if (characteristic.uuid == 'YourCharacteristicUUID') {
          readCharacteristic(deviceId, characteristic.uuid);
          enableNotification(deviceId, characteristic.uuid);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  void readCharacteristic(String deviceId, String characteristicId) async {
    List<int> value = await WinBleBackend.readCharacteristic(deviceId, characteristicId);
    print('Characteristic value: $value');
  }

  void enableNotification(String deviceId, String characteristicId) async {
    await WinBleBackend.setNotification(deviceId, characteristicId, true);
    WinBleBackend.onValueChanged.listen((value) {
      print('Notification received: $value');
    });
  }

  [@override](/user/override)
  void dispose() {
    WinBleBackend.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  [@override](/user/override)
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('BLE Communication'),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: Text('BLE Communication with win_ble_backend'),
      ),
    );
  }
}