Golang与Arduino CLI集成开发指南

Arduino CLI是Arduino官方提供的命令行工具，可以用于编译、上传代码和管理Arduino开发板。在Golang中，我们可以通过arduino-cli库与Arduino硬件进行交互。下面我将详细介绍如何使用Golang与Arduino CLI集成开发。

安装Arduino CLI

首先需要安装Arduino CLI工具：

# Linux/macOS
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | sh

# Windows
# 下载最新版本并解压：https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases

Golang中调用Arduino CLI

基本方法：使用os/exec包

最简单的方式是通过Golang的os/exec包来调用arduino-cli命令：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os/exec"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	// 1. 初始化Arduino CLI
	initArduinoCLI()

	// 2. 列出所有已连接的开发板
	boards := listBoards()
	fmt.Println("Connected boards:", boards)

	// 3. 编译并上传示例代码
	uploadSketch("arduino:avr:uno", "/path/to/your/sketch", "/dev/ttyACM0")
}

func initArduinoCLI() {
	cmd := exec.Command("arduino-cli", "core", "update-index")
	err := cmd.Run()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Failed to update core index:", err)
	}
}

func listBoards() string {
	cmd := exec.Command("arduino-cli", "board", "list")
	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Failed to list boards:", err)
	}
	return string(output)
}

func uploadSketch(fqbn, sketchPath, port string) {
	// 先编译
	compileCmd := exec.Command("arduino-cli", "compile", "--fqbn", fqbn, sketchPath)
	if err := compileCmd.Run(); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Compilation failed:", err)
	}

	// 再上传
	uploadCmd := exec.Command("arduino-cli", "upload", "-p", port, "--fqbn", fqbn, sketchPath)
	if err := uploadCmd.Run(); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Upload failed:", err)
	}

	fmt.Println("Sketch uploaded successfully!")
}

高级方法：使用arduino-cli库

Arduino官方提供了Golang库可以直接调用：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"

	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/cli"
	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/commands"
	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/configuration"
	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
)

func main() {
	// 初始化配置
	config := configuration.Init("/path/to/arduino-cli.yaml")

	// 创建CLI实例
	instance := cli.CreateInstance()

	// 更新核心索引
	if err := commands.UpdateIndex(instance, false); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Failed to update index:", err)
	}

	// 列出开发板
	boards, err := commands.BoardList(instance)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Failed to list boards:", err)
	}
	fmt.Println("Connected boards:")
	for _, board := range boards {
		fmt.Printf("- %s at %s\n", board.Name, board.Port)
	}

	// 编译并上传代码
	uploadSketch(instance, "arduino:avr:uno", "/path/to/sketch", "/dev/ttyACM0")
}

func uploadSketch(instance *commands.Instance, fqbn, sketchPath, port string) {
	// 获取sketch路径
	sketch, err := paths.New(sketchPath).Abs()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Invalid sketch path:", err)
	}

	// 编译选项
	compileOpts := &commands.CompileOpts{
		FQBN:      fqbn,
		SketchDir: sketch,
		Verbose:   true,
	}

	// 编译
	if _, err := commands.Compile(instance, compileOpts, os.Stdout, os.Stderr); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Compilation failed:", err)
	}

	// 上传选项
	uploadOpts := &commands.UploadOpts{
		FQBN:   fqbn,
		Port:   port,
		Sketch: sketch,
	}

	// 上传
	if _, err := commands.Upload(instance, uploadOpts, os.Stdout, os.Stderr); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Upload failed:", err)
	}

	fmt.Println("Sketch uploaded successfully!")
}

常用功能示例

1. 安装核心

func installCore(instance *commands.Instance, core string) {
	platformRef := &commands.PlatformReference{
		Package:              strings.Split(core, ":")[0],
		PlatformArchitecture: strings.Split(core, ":")[1],
		PlatformVersion:      strings.Split(core, ":")[2],
	}

	if err := commands.PlatformInstall(instance, platformRef, os.Stdout, os.Stderr); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Failed to install core:", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Core %s installed successfully\n", core)
}

2. 安装库

func installLibrary(instance *commands.Instance, library string) {
	if err := commands.LibraryInstall(instance, library, os.Stdout, os.Stderr); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Failed to install library:", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Library %s installed successfully\n", library)
}

3. 串口通信

func serialCommunication(port string) {
	// 打开串口
	conn, err := serial.Open(port, &serial.Mode{
		BaudRate: 9600,
		DataBits: 8,
		Parity:   serial.NoParity,
		StopBits: serial.OneStopBit,
	})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Failed to open serial port:", err)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	// 写入数据
	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("Hello Arduino!\n"))
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Write error:", err)
	}

	// 读取数据
	buf := make([]byte, 128)
	n, err := conn.Read(buf)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Read error:", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Received: %s\n", buf[:n])
}

最佳实践

1. 错误处理：Arduino操作可能会因各种原因失败（设备未连接、端口占用等），务必做好错误处理
2. 并发控制：如果需要同时处理多个Arduino设备，考虑使用goroutine
3. 配置管理：将Arduino CLI配置（如路径、默认FQBN等）存储在配置文件中
4. 日志记录：详细记录编译、上传等操作的输出，便于调试

总结

通过Golang与Arduino CLI集成，我们可以构建强大的自动化工具来管理Arduino开发流程。无论是简单的命令调用还是使用官方库进行深度集成，Golang都能提供灵活高效的解决方案。这种方法特别适合需要批量管理多个Arduino设备或构建自动化测试系统的场景。

希望这个指南能帮助你开始Golang与Arduino的集成开发！