Rust区块链开发库polkadot-runtime-common的使用

安装

在项目目录中运行以下Cargo命令：

cargo add polkadot-runtime-common

或在Cargo.toml中添加以下行：

polkadot-runtime-common = "21.0.0"

基本使用

polkadot-runtime-common是Polkadot区块链开发的重要库，提供了运行时模块和跨链互操作的核心组件。以下是一个基本示例展示如何使用该库：

use polkadot_runtime_common::{
    claims, identity_migrator, paras_registrar, paras_sudo_wrapper, slots, 
    treasury, crowdloan, auctions
};
use frame_support::traits::{Currency, ReservableCurrency};
use sp_runtime::traits::AccountIdConversion;

// 初始化运行时模块
fn initialize_runtime_modules() {
    // 初始化身份迁移器
    identity_migrator::Config::default();
    
    // 初始化平行链注册模块
    paras_registrar::Config::default();
    
    // 初始化众贷模块
    crowdloan::Config::<Runtime>::default();
}

// 示例：创建众贷活动
fn create_crowdloan(
    who: AccountId,
    cap: Balance,
    first_period: LeasePeriod,
    last_period: LeasePeriod,
    end: BlockNumber,
) -> DispatchResult {
    crowdloan::Pallet::<Runtime>::create(
        who,
        cap,
        first_period,
        last_period,
        end,
    )
}

// 示例：参与众贷
fn contribute_to_crowdloan(
    who: AccountId,
    index: ParaId,
    amount: Balance,
) -> DispatchResult {
    crowdloan::Pallet::<Runtime>::contribute(
        who,
        index,
        amount,
    )
}

核心组件

polkadot-runtime-common提供以下主要功能模块：

1. 身份管理：

   use polkadot_runtime_common::identity_migrator;
   
   // 迁移旧身份数据
   identity_migrator::migrate_identity(origin, identity);
   

2. 平行链管理：

   use polkadot_runtime_common::paras_registrar;
   
   // 注册新平行链
   paras_registrar::register_para(
       origin,
       id,
       genesis,
       validation_code,
   );
   

3. 众贷模块：

   use polkadot_runtime-common::crowdloan;
   
   // 创建众贷活动
   crowdloan::create(origin, cap, first_period, last_period, end);
   

4. 拍卖模块：

   use polkadot_runtime-common::auctions;
   
   // 发起新拍卖
   auctions::new_auction(origin, duration, lease_period_index);
   

完整示例代码

以下是一个更完整的Polkadot运行时模块集成示例：

use frame_support::{
    construct_runtime, parameter_types,
    traits::{Currency, Get, ReservableCurrency},
    weights::Weight,
};
use frame_system::EnsureRoot;
use sp_core::H256;
use sp_runtime::{
    traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
    AccountId32, DispatchResult, Perbill,
};
use polkadot_runtime_common::{
    crowdloan, paras_registrar, slots, auctions, 
    traits::{Lease, LeasePeriod, ParaId}
};

// 定义运行时类型
type RuntimeBlock = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<Runtime>;
type Balance = u128;
type AccountId = AccountId32;
type BlockNumber = u32;

// 参数类型定义
parameter_types! {
    pub const BlockHashCount: BlockNumber = 250;
    pub const MaximumBlockWeight: Weight = Weight::from_parts(1024, 1);
    pub const MaximumBlockLength: u32 = 2 * 1024;
    pub const AvailableBlockRatio: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(75);
}

// 实现系统配置
impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
    type BaseCallFilter = frame_support::traits::Everything;
    type BlockWeights = ();
    type BlockLength = ();
    type DbWeight = ();
    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
    type Index = u64;
    type BlockNumber = BlockNumber;
    type Hash = H256;
    type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
    type AccountId = AccountId;
    type Lookup = IdentityLookup<Self::AccountId>;
    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
    type BlockHashCount = BlockHashCount;
    type Version = ();
    type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
    type AccountData = pallet_balances::AccountData<Balance>;
    type OnNewAccount = ();
    type OnKilledAccount = ();
    type SystemWeightInfo = ();
    type SS58Prefix = ();
    type OnSetCode = ();
    type MaxConsumers = frame_support::traits::ConstU32<16>;
}

// 实现余额模块配置
impl pallet_balances::Config for Runtime {
    type MaxLocks = ();
    type MaxReserves = ();
    type ReserveIdentifier = [u8; 8];
    type Balance = Balance;
    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
    type DustRemoval = ();
    type ExistentialDeposit = ();
    type AccountStore = System;
    type WeightInfo = ();
    type FreezeIdentifier = ();
    type MaxFreezes = ();
    type HoldIdentifier = ();
    type MaxHolds = ();
}

// 定义运行时
construct_runtime!(
    pub enum Runtime where
        Block = RuntimeBlock,
        NodeBlock = RuntimeBlock,
        UncheckedExtrinsic = (),
    {
        System: frame_system,
        Balances: pallet_balances,
        Crowdloan: crowdloan,
        Auctions: auctions,
        Slots: slots,
        ParasRegistrar: paras_registrar,
    }
);

// 实现众贷模块配置
impl crowdloan::Config for Runtime {
    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
    type Currency = Balances;
    type InitializeOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
    type Auctioneer = Auctions;
    type Registrar = ParasRegistrar;
    type LeasePeriod = BlockNumber;
    type EndingPeriod = BlockNumber;
    type WeightInfo = ();
}

// 实现拍卖模块配置
impl auctions::Config for Runtime {
    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
    type Currency = Balances;
    type AuctionManager = Slots;
    type LeasePeriod = BlockNumber;
    type WeightInfo = ();
}

// 实现插槽模块配置
impl slots::Config for Runtime {
    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
    type Currency = Balances;
    type Registrar = ParasRegistrar;
    type LeasePeriod = BlockNumber;
    type LeaseOffset = BlockNumber;
    type WeightInfo = ();
}

// 实现平行链注册模块配置
impl paras_registrar::Config for Runtime {
    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
    type Onboarding = ();
    type Currency = Balances;
    type ParaId = ParaId;
    type WeightInfo = ();
}

// 示例函数：完整的众贷和平行链注册流程
pub fn full_crowdloan_workflow(
    origin: RuntimeOrigin,
    para_id: ParaId,
    genesis_data: Vec<u8>,
    validation_code: Vec<u8>,
    cap: Balance,
    first_period: BlockNumber,
    last_period: BlockNumber,
    end_block: BlockNumber,
    contribution_amount: Balance,
    auction_index: auctions::AuctionIndex,
) -> DispatchResult {
    // 1. 注册平行链
    ParasRegistrar::register(
        origin.clone(),
        para_id,
        genesis_data,
        validation_code,
    )?;
    
    // 2. 创建众贷
    Crowdloan::create(
        origin.clone(),
        cap,
        first_period,
        last_period,
        end_block,
    )?;
    
    // 3. 贡献到众贷
    Crowdloan::contribute(
        origin.clone(),
        para_id,
        contribution_amount,
    )?;
    
    // 4. 发起拍卖
    Auctions::new_auction(
        origin.clone(),
        end_block - first_period, // duration
        first_period, // lease_period_index
    )?;
    
    // 5. 竞拍插槽
    Auctions::bid(
        origin,
        para_id,
        auction_index,
        first_period,
        last_period,
        contribution_amount,
    )?;
    
    Ok(())
}

polkadot-runtime-common库是Polkadot生态系统的核心组件之一，为开发者提供了构建跨链应用所需的工具和模块。通过使用这些模块，开发者可以轻松实现平行链注册、众贷管理、插槽拍卖等关键功能。