Rust蓝牙通信库bluez-generated使用指南

介绍

bluez-generated是一个Rust库，提供了与Linux蓝牙协议栈BlueZ的高效交互接口。它通过DBus接口与BlueZ通信，允许开发者构建蓝牙应用程序而不需要直接处理底层协议细节。

主要特性

• 自动生成的BlueZ DBus接口绑定
• 支持大多数BlueZ功能
• 类型安全的API
• 异步/同步两种操作模式

使用方法

添加依赖

首先在Cargo.toml中添加依赖：

[dependencies]
bluez-generated = "0.4"
tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] } # 如果需要异步支持

基本示例

1. 扫描蓝牙设备

use bluez_generated::OrgBluezAdapter1;
use dbus::nonblock::SyncConnection;
use std::time::Duration;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    // 建立DBus连接
    let (resource, conn) = SyncConnection::new_system()?;
    
    // 在后台处理DBus消息
    tokio::spawn(async {
        resource.await;
    });
    
    // 获取蓝牙适配器代理
    let proxy = OrgBluezAdapter1::new(&conn, "/org/bluez/hci0");
    
    // 开始扫描
    proxy.start_discovery().await?;
    println!("Scanning for Bluetooth devices...");
    
    // 扫描10秒
    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)).await;
    
    // 停止扫描
    proxy.stop_discovery().await?;
    
    Ok(())
}

2. 列出已配对设备

use bluez_generated::OrgBluezManager;
use dbus::nonblock::SyncConnection;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let (resource, conn) = SyncConnection::new_system()?;
    tokio::spawn(async {
        resource.await;
    });
    
    let manager = OrgBluezManager::new(&conn, "/");
    let adapters = manager.get_managed_objects().await?;
    
    for (path, interfaces) in adapters {
        if interfaces.contains_key("org.bluez.Device1") {
            println!("Found device at path: {}", path);
        }
    }
    
    Ok(())
}

3. 连接蓝牙设备

use bluez_generated::{OrgBluezDevice1, OrgBluezAdapter1};
use dbus::nonblock::SyncConnection;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let (resource, conn) = SyncConnection::new_system()?;
    tokio::spawn(async {
        resource.await;
    });
    
    // 假设设备地址为00:11:22:33:44:55
    let device_path = format!("/org/bluez/hci0/dev_00_11_22_33_44_55");
    let device = OrgBluezDevice1::new(&conn, &device_path);
    
    // 连接设备
    match device.connect().await {
        Ok(()) => println!("Connected successfully"),
        Err(e) => eprintln!("Connection failed: {}", e),
    }
    
    Ok(())
}

高级用法

处理蓝牙事件

use bluez_generated::OrgBluezAdapter1;
use dbus::nonblock::SyncConnection;
use dbus::message::MatchRule;
use futures::StreamExt;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let (resource, conn) = SyncConnection::new_system()?;
    tokio::spawn(async {
        resource.await;
    });
    
    // 设置匹配规则监听设备添加事件
    let rule = MatchRule::new()
        .with_interface("org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager")
        .with_member("InterfacesAdded");
    
    let mut stream = conn.add_match(rule).await?.msg_stream();
    
    // 开始扫描
    let proxy = OrgBluezAdapter1::new(&conn, "/org/bluez/hci0");
    proxy.start_discovery().await?;
    
    // 处理事件
    while let Some(msg) = stream.next().await {
        println!("New device detected: {:?}", msg);
    }
    
    Ok(())
}

完整示例代码

下面是一个完整的蓝牙设备扫描和连接示例：

use bluez_generated::{OrgBluezAdapter1, OrgBluezDevice1, OrgBluezManager};
use dbus::nonblock::SyncConnection;
use std::time::Duration;
use tokio::time;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    // 1. 建立DBus系统连接
    let (resource, conn) = SyncConnection::new_system()?;
    
    // 后台处理DBus消息
    tokio::spawn(async {
        resource.await;
    });

    // 2. 获取蓝牙管理器
    let manager = OrgBluezManager::new(&conn, "/");
    
    // 3. 获取默认适配器(通常为hci0)
    let adapter = OrgBluezAdapter1::new(&conn, "/org/bluez/hci0");
    
    // 4. 开始扫描设备
    println!("Starting Bluetooth scan...");
    adapter.start_discovery().await?;
    
    // 扫描5秒
    time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
    
    // 5. 获取所有发现的设备
    let objects = manager.get_managed_objects().await?;
    
    println!("Discovered devices:");
    for (path, interfaces) in objects {
        if interfaces.contains_key("org.bluez.Device1") {
            println!("- Device path: {}", path);
            
            // 6. 尝试连接设备
            let device = OrgBluezDevice1::new(&conn, &path);
            match device.connect().await {
                Ok(()) => println!("  Connected successfully"),
                Err(e) => eprintln!("  Connection failed: {}", e),
            }
        }
    }
    
    // 7. 停止扫描
    adapter.stop_discovery().await?;
    
    Ok(())
}

注意事项

1. 需要Linux系统和BlueZ蓝牙协议栈
2. 需要DBus系统总线权限
3. 某些操作可能需要root权限
4. 异步操作需要使用tokio或async-std等运行时

bluez-generated为Rust开发者提供了强大的蓝牙操作能力，适合构建各种蓝牙管理工具、物联网应用等。