Rust压缩与解压库miniz-sys使用指南

miniz-sys是Rust的一个轻量级绑定库，提供了对miniz(一个zlib兼容的压缩库)的访问，支持高性能的压缩和解压功能。

特性

• 纯Rust实现，无外部依赖
• 兼容zlib格式
• 支持内存压缩和解压
• 高性能，低内存占用

添加依赖

在Cargo.toml中添加：

[dependencies]
miniz-sys = "0.1"

基本用法

压缩数据

extern crate miniz_sys;

use std::io::{self, Write};
use miniz_sys::*;

fn compress_data(data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let mut compressor = Compressor::new();
    let mut output = Vec::new();
    compressor.write_all(data)?;
    compressor.finish(&mut output)?;
    Ok(output)
}

解压数据

fn decompress_data(compressed_data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let mut decompressor = Decompressor::new();
    let mut output = Vec::new();
    decompressor.write_all(compressed_data)?;
    decompressor.finish(&mut output)?;
    Ok(output)
}

高级用法

自定义压缩级别

fn compress_with_level(data: &[u8], level: CompressionLevel) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let mut compressor = Compressor::with_level(level);
    let mut output = Vec::new();
    compressor.write_all(data)?;
    compressor.finish(&mut output)?;
    Ok(output)
}

流式压缩

fn stream_compress<R: Read, W: Write>(mut reader: R, mut writer: W) -> io::Result<()> {
    let mut compressor = Compressor::new();
    let mut buffer = [0; 4096];
    
    loop {
        let bytes_read = reader.read(&mut buffer)?;
        if bytes_read == 0 {
            break;
        }
        compressor.write_all(&buffer[..bytes_read])?;
        writer.write_all(&compressor.get_output())?;
    }
    
    compressor.finish(&mut writer)?;
    Ok(())
}

完整示例代码

// 引入必要的库
extern crate miniz_sys;

use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
use miniz_sys::*;

fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    // 示例1: 基本压缩解压
    let original_data = b"This is some test data that we want to compress";
    
    println!("=== 基本压缩解压示例 ===");
    let compressed = compress_data(original_data)?;
    println!("压缩后大小: {} (原始大小: {})", compressed.len(), original_data.len());
    
    let decompressed = decompress_data(&compressed)?;
    assert_eq!(&decompressed[..], &original_data[..]);
    println!("解压成功，数据匹配!");
    
    // 示例2: 自定义压缩级别
    println!("\n=== 自定义压缩级别示例 ===");
    let high_compressed = compress_with_level(original_data, CompressionLevel::BestCompression)?;
    println!("最佳压缩后大小: {}", high_compressed.len());
    
    let fast_compressed = compress_with_level(original_data, CompressionLevel::Fastest)?;
    println!("快速压缩后大小: {}", fast_compressed.len());
    
    // 示例3: 流式压缩
    println!("\n=== 流式压缩示例 ===");
    let large_data = vec![0u8; 1024 * 1024]; // 1MB数据
    let mut compressed_stream = Vec::new();
    stream_compress(&large_data[..], &mut compressed_stream)?;
    println!("流式压缩后大小: {}", compressed_stream.len());
    
    Ok(())
}

// 基本压缩函数
fn compress_data(data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let mut compressor = Compressor::new();
    let mut output = Vec::new();
    compressor.write_all(data)?;
    compressor.finish(&mut output)?;
    Ok(output)
}

// 基本解压函数
fn decompress_data(compressed_data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let mut decompressor = Decompressor::new();
    let mut output = Vec::new();
    decompressor.write_all(compressed_data)?;
    decompressor.finish(&mut output)?;
    Ok(output)
}

// 带压缩级别的压缩函数
fn compress_with_level(data: &[u8], level: CompressionLevel) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let mut compressor = Compressor::with_level(level);
    let mut output = Vec::new();
    compressor.write_all(data)?;
    compressor.finish(&mut output)?;
    Ok(output)
}

// 流式压缩函数
fn stream_compress<R: Read, W: Write>(mut reader: R, mut writer: W) -> io::Result<()> {
    let mut compressor = Compressor::new();
    let mut buffer = [0; 4096];
    
    loop {
        let bytes_read = reader.read(&mut buffer)?;
        if bytes_read == 0 {
            break;
        }
        compressor.write_all(&buffer[..bytes_read])?;
        writer.write_all(&compressor.get_output())?;
    }
    
    compressor.finish(&mut writer)?;
    Ok(())
}

性能提示

1. 对于大文件，使用流式处理而不是一次性处理
2. 调整缓冲区大小以获得更好的性能
3. 根据需求选择合适的压缩级别(速度vs压缩率)

miniz-sys是一个轻量级但功能强大的压缩解决方案，特别适合需要zlib兼容性但不想引入复杂依赖的项目。