Golang REST API与MongoDB在VSCODE中插入数据失败问题

你的代码存在几个关键问题导致数据插入失败：

1. 错误处理缺失：所有数据库操作都忽略了错误返回值
2. 数据库连接问题：没有验证MongoDB连接是否成功
3. 集合名称不一致：插入和查询使用了不同的集合

以下是修正后的代码：

package main

import (
    "context"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "time"

    "github.com/gorilla/mux"
    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson"
    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson/primitive"
    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo"
    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options"
)

var client *mongo.Client

type Person struct {
    ID        primitive.ObjectID `json:"_id,omitempty" bson:"_id,omitempty"`
    Firstname string             `json:"firstname,omitempty" bson:"firstname,omitempty"`
    Lastname  string             `json:"lastname,omitempty" bson:"lastname,omitempty"`
}

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Starting the application...")
    
    // 1. 修复数据库连接，添加错误处理
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
    defer cancel()
    
    clientOptions := options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb://localhost:27017")
    var err error
    client, err = mongo.Connect(ctx, clientOptions)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    
    // 验证连接
    err = client.Ping(ctx, nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("MongoDB连接失败:", err)
    }
    fmt.Println("成功连接到MongoDB")
    
    router := mux.NewRouter()
    router.HandleFunc("/person", CreatePersonEndpoint).Methods("POST")
    router.HandleFunc("/people", GetPeopleEndpoint).Methods("GET")
    router.HandleFunc("/person/{id}", GetPersonEndpoint).Methods("GET")
    
    fmt.Println("服务器运行在 http://localhost:8080")
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}

func CreatePersonEndpoint(response http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
    response.Header().Set("content-type", "application/json")
    
    var person Person
    if err := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&person); err != nil {
        response.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
        json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(map[string]string{"error": "无效的JSON数据"})
        return
    }
    
    // 2. 确保使用正确的集合名称
    collection := client.Database("books").Collection("person")
    
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
    defer cancel()
    
    // 3. 添加错误处理
    result, err := collection.InsertOne(ctx, person)
    if err != nil {
        response.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
        json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
        return
    }
    
    json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(result)
}

func GetPersonEndpoint(response http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
    response.Header().Set("content-type", "application/json")
    
    params := mux.Vars(request)
    id, err := primitive.ObjectIDFromHex(params["id"])
    if err != nil {
        response.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
        json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(map[string]string{"error": "无效的ID格式"})
        return
    }
    
    var person Person
    // 4. 修复集合名称不一致问题
    collection := client.Database("books").Collection("person")
    
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
    defer cancel()
    
    // 5. 使用正确的查询语法
    err = collection.FindOne(ctx, bson.M{"_id": id}).Decode(&person)
    if err != nil {
        if err == mongo.ErrNoDocuments {
            response.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
            json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(map[string]string{"error": "未找到记录"})
        } else {
            response.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
            json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
        }
        return
    }
    
    json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(person)
}

func GetPeopleEndpoint(response http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
    response.Header().Set("content-type", "application/json")
    
    var people []Person
    collection := client.Database("books").Collection("person")
    
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
    defer cancel()
    
    cursor, err := collection.Find(ctx, bson.M{})
    if err != nil {
        response.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
        json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
        return
    }
    
    defer cursor.Close(ctx)
    
    for cursor.Next(ctx) {
        var person Person
        if err := cursor.Decode(&person); err != nil {
            response.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
            json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
            return
        }
        people = append(people, person)
    }
    
    if err := cursor.Err(); err != nil {
        response.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
        json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
        return
    }
    
    json.NewEncoder(response).Encode(people)
}

主要修改点：

1. 添加了完整的错误处理
2. 验证MongoDB连接状态
3. 统一使用"person"集合（原代码中GetPersonEndpoint使用了"authors"集合）
4. 修正了查询语法，使用bson.M{"_id": id}而不是Person{ID: id}

运行前确保：

1. MongoDB服务正在运行：mongod
2. 已安装依赖：go mod init 然后 go mod tidy
3. 使用正确的导入路径

测试插入数据：

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/person \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"firstname":"John","lastname":"Doe"}'