Python爬虫初学者写的IP代理池程序，抓取的免费代理IP质量差，有什么好的建议？

免费代理质量差是普遍问题，核心在于筛选和验证。直接给你个能跑的核心模块，自己补上数据库和调度逻辑就行。

import requests
import concurrent.futures
from typing import List, Dict
import time

class ProxyValidator:
    def __init__(self, test_url='http://httpbin.org/ip', timeout=5):
        self.test_url = test_url
        self.timeout = timeout
        self.headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}

    def validate_single(self, proxy: Dict) -> Dict:
        """验证单个代理"""
        proxies = {
            'http': f"http://{proxy['ip']}:{proxy['port']}",
            'https': f"http://{proxy['ip']}:{proxy['port']}"
        }
        
        try:
            start = time.time()
            resp = requests.get(self.test_url, 
                              proxies=proxies, 
                              timeout=self.timeout,
                              headers=self.headers)
            latency = (time.time() - start) * 1000  # 毫秒
            
            if resp.status_code == 200:
                # 检查返回的IP是否确实是代理IP
                returned_ip = resp.json().get('origin', '')
                if proxy['ip'] in returned_ip:
                    proxy['latency'] = round(latency, 2)
                    proxy['valid'] = True
                    return proxy
        except:
            pass
        
        proxy['valid'] = False
        return proxy

    def batch_validate(self, proxy_list: List[Dict], max_workers=20) -> List[Dict]:
        """批量验证代理"""
        valid_proxies = []
        with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
            futures = [executor.submit(self.validate_single, proxy) for proxy in proxy_list]
            for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
                result = future.result()
                if result['valid']:
                    valid_proxies.append(result)
        
        # 按延迟排序
        return sorted(valid_proxies, key=lambda x: x['latency'])

# 使用示例
if __name__ == '__main__':
    validator = ProxyValidator()
    
    # 假设从某网站爬取的原始代理列表
    raw_proxies = [
        {'ip': '123.123.123.123', 'port': '8080', 'type': 'http'},
        {'ip': '124.124.124.124', 'port': '8888', 'type': 'https'},
        # ... 更多代理
    ]
    
    # 批量验证
    good_proxies = validator.batch_validate(raw_proxies)
    
    print(f"原始代理数: {len(raw_proxies)}")
    print(f"有效代理数: {len(good_proxies)}")
    print("最快的前5个代理:")
    for p in good_proxies[:5]:
        print(f"  {p['ip']}:{p['port']} - {p['latency']}ms")

关键点：

1. 用并发验证提高效率，免费代理失效快，必须实时验证
2. 不仅要看连通性，还要验证返回的IP确实是代理IP（防透明代理）
3. 记录延迟，按速度排序，只用最快的几个
4. 验证网址别用目标网站，用httpbin这类测试站，避免被封

免费代理就这德行，十个里能有一个能用就不错了。真要稳定还是得考虑付费代理或者拨号VPS。

建议：专注质量而非数量，维护个二三十个高速代理比几百个垃圾代理管用。

用这个解决方案 https://github.com/hizdm/dynamic_ip

买